Origin
Rhus glutinosa Hochst. ex A.Rich. subsp. glutinosa is a species of flowering plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is native to northern Africa, specifically Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan, and Eritrea.
Common Names
The plant is commonly known as sticky sumac and gluing sumac. In Ethiopia, it is known as Temech in Amharic and Geich in Tigrigna.
Uses
The plant is traditionally used for many medicinal purposes in Ethiopia. The roots and bark are used to treat stomach ache, skin diseases, and fever. The fruits are used to make a traditional drink and the leaves are used as animal feed. The plant is also used in erosion control and land restoration due to its ability to fix nitrogen in the soil.
General Appearance
Rhus glutinosa subsp. glutinosa is a small shrub that can grow up to 3 meters tall. The leaves are alternate, pinnately compound, and have 7-13 leaflets. The plant produces small, greenish-yellow flowers that bloom from August to October. The fruits are small, reddish-brown, and covered with sticky hairs that give the plant its common names. The plant has a unique mottled bark that is green, brown, and white in color.
Growth Conditions for Rhus Glutinosa Hochst. ex A.Rich. Subsp. Glutinosa
Rhus Glutinosa Hochst. ex A.Rich. subsp. glutinosa, commonly known as Gum Sumac, is a deciduous plant species that is well adapted to a wide range of growth conditions. The plant is characterized by its unique branching and growth patterns, which make it a popular ornamental plant in landscapes and home gardens. Here are some of the typical growth conditions required by Rhus Glutinosa:
Light Requirements
Gum Sumac requires full sunlight to thrive. The plant grows best in areas that receive direct sunlight for at least six hours a day. However, it can also tolerate partial shade. In full shade, the plant tends to grow tall and lanky, with reduced foliage and a weak structure.
Temperature Requirements
Rhus Glutinosa can grow in a variety of temperature conditions, but it prefers moderate temperatures ranging between 18°C to 25°C. The plant can withstand occasional cold temperatures of up to -10°C, but prolonged exposure to freezing temperatures can damage the plant.
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers well-drained, fertile soil that is rich in organic matter. It can grow in a range of soil types, including loam, clay, and sandy soils. Gum Sumac is adapted to slightly acidic soil with a pH range of 5.5 to 7.5. It is important to note that the plant does not tolerate alkaline soils.
Water Requirements
Rhus Glutinosa requires moderate watering during the growing season. The plant prefers moist, but not waterlogged soil. Overwatering can cause root rot and other fungal diseases. In dry conditions, the plant may drop its leaves or become dormant until the next growing season.
With proper care and maintenance, Rhus Glutinosa can flourish in a wide range of growth conditions. The plant’s unique branching pattern, growth habit, and striking foliage make it a valuable addition to any landscape.
Cultivation
Rhus glutinosa Hochst. ex A.Rich. subsp. glutinosa, commonly known as African sumac, is a hardy tree that can tolerate various growing conditions. It thrives in warm climates and can grow in a wide range of soils, including sandy and rocky soils. However, it prefers well-draining soils that are slightly acidic to neutral. The ideal pH range for its growth is 6.0 to 7.5. The tree can be propagated through seeds or cuttings. Seeds should be sown in the spring or fall, and the cuttings should be taken in the summer. The tree grows at a moderate pace, and it can take up to four years to attain full maturity.Watering Needs
African sumac requires moderate watering during its growth phase. It can tolerate short periods of drought, but it thrives with regular watering. Newly planted trees require more frequent watering until they establish their root system. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged. Overwatering can cause root rot, which can be fatal to the tree.Fertilization
The African sumac tree does not require heavy fertilization. However, applying fertilizer in early spring can aid in the growth and development of the tree. A balanced fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 10-10-10 is ideal for its growth. The fertilizer should be applied to the soil around the base of the tree and then watered in.Pruning
Pruning is necessary to maintain the shape and health of the African sumac tree. The tree can be pruned in late winter or early spring before the new growth appears. Pruning should be done with clean and sterile pruning shears to prevent the spread of infections. The tree should be pruned to remove any dead or damaged branches, and the branches that cross should be pruned to prevent rubbing. The tree can be pruned to the desired shape and size without hindering its growth.Propagation of Rhus glutinosa Hochst. ex A.Rich. subsp. glutinosa
Rhus glutinosa Hochst. ex A.Rich. subsp. glutinosa is commonly known as the African Sumac. Propagation of Rhus glutinosa can be carried out through seeds or cuttings. The maximum propagation success rate is through the use of cuttings.
Propagation through seeds
Propagation of Rhus glutinosa through seeds is possible, but the germination rate is low. The seeds of African Sumac have a hard seed coat, and they require scarification for proper germination. This process involves treating the seed with boiling or hot water for 30-60 seconds. Once scarified, the seeds are sown in a well-draining potting mixture and kept moist in a warm place. Germination of the seeds usually occurs within two to three weeks. However, it is essential to note that this method produces plants that are not similar to the parent plant.
Propagation through cuttings
The preferred method of propagating Rhus glutinosa Hochst. ex A.Rich. subsp. glutinosa is through semi-hardwood cuttings collected from plants during active growth. The cuttings should be 6 to 8 inches long and have at least three nodes. Remove the leaves from the lower two-thirds of the cutting to reduce moisture loss. Dip the basal end of the cutting in rooting hormone powder and plant it in a well-draining potting mix. Ensure that the potting mixture is moist but not waterlogged, and place the cutting in a warm and bright place with high humidity. Within six to eight weeks, the cutting develops roots and begins to grow new leaves. The newly propagated plants would be a genetic copy of the parent plant.
Disease Management
Rhus glutinosa Hochst. ex A.Rich. subsp. glutinosa is susceptible to various fungal and bacterial diseases that can adversely affect the plant's growth and production. Some common diseases that might affect the plant include:
- Anthrax: A bacterial disease that causes wilting and death of the plant. The infected part turns black, and the plant eventually dies. It is usually spread by insects, animals, and contaminated soil.
- Crown rot: A fungal disease that affects the stem's base, causing decay and wilt of the leaves. The plant can eventually die if not treated promptly.
- Mildew: A fungal disease that affects the foliage, causing white powdery growth on the leaf surface. It can impede photosynthesis, leading to stunted growth and a weak plant.
To manage these diseases, one needs to observe proper cultural practices, such as planting in well-drained soil, avoiding overhead irrigation, and pruning the plant to enhance air circulation. Fungicides and bactericides might help contain the diseases, but it's best to consult a plant specialist before applying any chemical treatment.
Pest Management
Rhus glutinosa Hochst. ex A.Rich. subsp. glutinosa is also vulnerable to various insect pests. Some common pests that might affect the plant include:
- Aphids: These small soft-bodied insects feed on the plant, causing leaf curling, yellowing, and stunted growth. They also excrete honeydew, which attracts ants and encourages mold growth.
- Thrips: These tiny insects feed on the plant's sap, causing the leaves to appear silvery or bronze. They also spread tomato spotted wilt virus.
- Scale insects: These insects attach themselves to the plant and suck its sap, causing yellowing, wilting, and leaf drop. They secrete a sticky substance that attracts ants and encourages mold growth.
To manage these pests, one needs to observe proper cultural practices such as maintaining plant hygiene, removing weeds, and enhancing natural predators such as ladybugs, spiders, and birds. One can also use insecticidal soaps, neem oil, and botanical insecticides to control the pests, but it's crucial to follow the manufacturer's instructions and safety precautions.
