Overview of Anacardiaceae
The Anacardiaceae family is a group of plants that includes trees, shrubs, and climbers. The family consists of approximately 70 genera and 700 species, and is found mainly in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Some well-known members of this family include cashews, mangoes, and poison ivy.
Taxonomic details
The Anacardiaceae family is part of the order Sapindales. It is believed to be a relatively ancient family, with fossil evidence suggesting that it existed around 100 million years ago. The family was named after the type genus, Anacardium, which is derived from the Greek words "ana," meaning "upwards," and "kardia," meaning "heart," reflecting the shape of the fruit of this genus.
Members of the Anacardiaceae family are characterized by their leaves, which are typically pinnately compound and have a distinctive resinous or terpene-like scent when crushed. The flowers are often small and greenish, and are typically arranged in panicles or spikes. The fruit of this family is varied in shape and size, and may be fleshy or dry.
Distinctive features
One of the most distinctive features of the Anacardiaceae family is the presence of a resinous or terpene-like scent in the leaves. This scent is thought to have evolved as a defense mechanism, deterring herbivores and insects from eating the leaves.
Another unique characteristic of this family is the structure of the fruit. Members of this family may produce a variety of fruit types, including drupes, berries, and nuts. Some of these fruits, such as those of the genus Anacardium, are surrounded by a fleshy layer that is edible, while others, such as the fruit of poison ivy, are dry and papery.
In addition, some members of the Anacardiaceae family, such as poison ivy, produce a resinous sap that can cause skin irritation and allergic reactions in humans. However, other members of this family, such as cashews and mangoes, are widely cultivated for their edible fruit or nuts.
Distribution of Anacardiaceae family
The Anacardiaceae family, also known as the cashew or sumac family, is a diverse group of trees, shrubs, and woody vines with members found in tropical and subtropical regions across the world. They are widely distributed in regions of Africa, Asia, Central and South America, and some parts of North America. The family includes over 70 genera and around 850 species of flowering plants.
In Africa, the Anacardiaceae family is distributed throughout the continent in both tropical and subtropical regions. In Asia, members of this family can be found in tropical and subtropical regions of India, South-East Asia, and China. In Central and South America, they are found in the Amazon basin, and in some parts of North America, such as Mexico and the southern regions of the United States.
Habitat and adaptation of Anacardiaceae family
Plants from the Anacardiaceae family can be found in a variety of habitats, including rainforests, savannahs, woodlands, and even deserts. The family includes both deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs. Many members of this family have adapted to survive in harsh environments, such as areas with poor soil quality, drought conditions, or extreme temperatures.
One adaptation exhibited by many members of the Anacardiaceae family is their ability to produce chemicals that provide protection against herbivores and pathogens. For example, members of the genus Rhus produce urushiol, a chemical that causes dermatitis in humans but helps protect the plant from herbivores. Several members of the family are also known to be used for their medicinal properties.
In conclusion, the Anacardiaceae family is a widespread group of plants that is found in different habitats across the globe. The family exhibits numerous adaptations to survive in tough environments, including the production of various chemicals that provide protection from predators and harmful microbes.
Morphology and Structure
The Anacardiaceae family consists of approximately 850 species worldwide, including shrubs, trees, and climbers. These plants are generally known for their resinous sap that contains compounds such as urushiol, which can cause severe dermatitis when exposed to human skin. The leaves of this family are mostly simple, alternate or opposite, and pinnately compound, rarely palmately compound. The stems often contain resin canals. One important feature of the Anacardiaceae family is that they possess pyrenes, which are woody, endocarp-coated seeds that are scattered outwards after fruit ripening.
Anatomical Features and Adaptations
Members of the Anacardiaceae family have a range of anatomical features and adaptations that allow them to thrive in different environments. The leaves are adapted to reduce water loss, with some species having a thick cuticle layer and others densely hairy. Some species also have specialized glands on the leaf surface that secrete oils or resins that deter herbivores or attract pollinators. The stem is highly adaptable, with some species being drought-tolerant, while others can photosynthesize in low light environments.
Leaf Shapes and Flower Structures
The Anacardiaceae family exhibits a wide range of leaf shapes, from linear or lanceolate to ovate or elliptic. The flowers of this family are usually small and inconspicuous, with some species bearing male and female flowers on separate trees. The flowers are often arranged in panicles or spikes, and the inflorescence is usually branched. Many species produce fruits that are drupes, which are fleshy and can be eaten by animals and dispersed through fecal matter.
Distinctive Characteristics
One distinctive characteristic of the Anacardiaceae family is the production of resinous sap, which can be highly allergenic to humans. Another characteristic is the presence of pyrenes, which are hard, woody seeds with an endocarp coating. Some species within this family are economically important and are cultivated for their fruits, such as the mango, cashew, and pistachio.
Anacardiaceae Family's Reproductive Strategies
The Anacardiaceae family employs different reproductive strategies that ensure efficient reproduction. Members of the family can reproduce sexually or asexually, or even both, to guarantee greater genetic variability. Asexual reproduction is common in species that produce rhizomes, suckers, or stems that sprout roots independently of the parent plant. Sexual reproduction is the most common mode, and some members rely on their distinct flowering patterns and pollination strategies to reproduce.Mechanisms of Reproduction
Rhus typhina and several other species of the Anacardiaceae family have unique mechanisms of reproduction. These species produce fruit commonly known as drupes, containing one seed that must undergo an abscission process before being released to the environment. Another unique feature of these plants is their ability to reproduce by vegetative means. The stem nodes produce roots, which become new plants. Some species can also produce aerial roots, which eventually form a new plant.Flowering Patterns and Pollination Strategies
The Anacardiaceae family has a varied flowering pattern, with some species producing flowers in clusters and others producing inflorescences. Most species rely on insects, particularly bees, for pollination. The flowers often have nectaries, which attract the insects, leading to transfer of pollen grains from the males' stigma to the female's pistil.Seed Dispersal Methods and Adaptations
The Anacardiaceae family has unique mechanisms for seed dispersal. Many species depend on animals to disperse their seeds. For instance, several birds feed on the drupes produced by Rhus typhina, which are then excreted far from the parent plant, effectively dispersing the seed. The family members also rely on wind, which is an effective means of dispersing seeds, especially for species that produce winged fruits. The wings help the seeds disperse over more extended distances, increasing the chances of germination.In conclusion, plants in the Anacardiaceae family have unique reproductive strategies that involve both sexual and asexual modes of reproduction, and they rely on distinctive mechanisms of seed dispersal to ensure their continuation.
Economic Importance
The Anacardiaceae family comprises many economically significant plant species that provide various products. One such species is the cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale), which is cultivated for its edible, kidney-shaped nuts. The cashew fruit pulp is also used to produce beverages and jams. Mango (Mangifera indica) is another vital member of the Anacardiaceae family, which produces sweet and juicy fruits that are consumed worldwide. Furthermore, sumac (Rhus coriaria) is a popular spice used in Middle Eastern cuisine and as an herbal remedy for digestive issues.
Moreover, some species from the Anacardiaceae family, such as the Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolius) and the Chinese pistache (Pistacia chinensis), are grown as ornamental plants. Meanwhile, other plants belonging to the family have industrial uses, such as the mastic tree (Pistacia lentiscus) that produces an adhesive resin used in varnishes, paints, and medicine. Besides, some trees, such as the African baobab (Adansonia digitata) from the Anacardiaceae family, provide timber and fiber for the paper industry.
Overall, the Anacardiaceae family plays a significant role in providing numerous products consumed globally, which creates a considerable economic value.
Ecological Importance
The Anacardiaceae family members play a crucial ecological role in various ecosystems, such as providing food for wildlife. For instance, various birds and mammals consume the fruits of mango, cashew, and terebinth trees. Additionally, the leaves and sap of some Anacardiaceae family members have insecticidal properties that protect them from herbivores.
Moreover, some species within the family also exhibit nitrogen fixation properties. These plants can form a symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in nodules on the roots to convert atmospheric nitrogen into a biologically available form that can be used by the plant. This nitrogen fixation process can increase soil fertility and benefit surrounding plants.
Furthermore, Anacardiaceae family members also play a role in ecosystem restoration and conservation. For instance, the Carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua) can tolerate soil erosion and fix nitrogen, making it useful for soil stabilization. Meanwhile, individuals of the species Pistacia atlantica and Pistacia integerrima are used in reforestation efforts to combat deforestation in arid regions.
Conservation Status and Efforts
Several members of the Anacardiaceae family are in danger of extinction due to habitat loss, overexploitation, and climate change. For instance, the Pistacia khinjuk is currently threatened by overgrazing, while several other species from the family face habitat destruction due to urbanization or agriculture.
Various conservation efforts are being undertaken to safeguard the species from the Anacardiaceae family. These conservation efforts include habitat conservation and restoration, propagation of endangered species, and reforestation. Furthermore, education and outreach programs aimed at increasing awareness about the ecological and economic importance of the Anacardiaceae family are also carried out.
In conclusion, the Anacardiaceae family provides significant economic and ecological values. Ensuring the conservation of these species is essential to maintain their role in the ecosystem and to preserve their economic benefits.
Featured plants from the Anacardiaceae family
More plants from the Anacardiaceae family
- Amyris toxifera L. - >>metopium Toxiferum
- Anacardium L. - Anacardium
- Anacardium occidentale L. - Cashew
- Botryceras laurinum Willd.
- Buchanania latifolia Roxb. - Chirauli Nut
- Buchanania Sprengel - Buchanania
- Calesiam alatum Engl.
- Calesiam ambacensis Hiern
- Calesiam antiscorbutica Hiern
- Calesiam rubra Hiern
- Calesiam somalensis Chiov.
- Calesiam tomentosum Engl.
- Calesiam welwitschii Hiern
- Calesium cinereum Engl.
- Calesium fulvum Engl.
- Calesium obcordatum Engl.
- Campnospera brevipetiolata Volkens
- Campnospera Thwaites
- Comocladia dodonaea (L.) Urban - Poison Ash
- Comocladia glabra (J.A. Schultes) Spreng. - Carrasco
- Comocladia P. Br. - Maidenplum
- Cotinus americanus Nutt. - >>cotinus Obovatus
- Cotinus coggygria - Smoke Tree
- Cotinus coggygria Scop. - European Smoketree
- Cotinus obovatus Raf. - American Smoketree
- Datisca hirta L. - >>rhus Hirta
- Dracontomelon Blume - Dracontomelon
- Dracontomelon dao (Blanco) Merr. & Rolfe - Argus Pheasant Tree
- Dracontomelon mangiferum (Blume) Blume - >>dracontomelon Dao
- Dupuisia juglandifolia A.Rich.
- Dupuisia longifolia Hook.f.
- Emiliomarcelia arborea A.Chev.
- Emiliomarcelia oddonii (De Wild.) T.Durand & H.Durand
- Fegimanra acuminatissima Keay
- Fegimanra africana (Oliv.) Pierre
- Fegimanra afzelii Engl.
- Festania nivea Raf.
- Gluta L. - Gluta
- Gluta renghas L. - Rengas
- Haematostaphis barteri Hook.f.
- Haematostaphis pierreana Engl.
- Harpephyllum caffrum Bernh. ex Krauss
- Heeria arenophila Schinz
- Heeria argentea (Thunb.) Meisn.
- Heeria argyrochrysea Engl. & Gilg
- Heeria aromatica Dinter
- Heeria aurantiaca Van der Veken
- Heeria benguellensis auct.
- Heeria benguellensis Engl.
- Heeria cinerea Engl.
- Heeria concolor (C.Presl) Kuntze
- Heeria crassinervia (Engl.) Engl.
- Heeria dekindtiana Engl.
- Heeria dinteri Schinz
- Heeria dispar (C.Presl) Kuntze
- Heeria fulva Van der Veken
- Heeria fulva Van der Veken var. nitidula Van der Veken
- Heeria gossweileri Exell
- Heeria hereroensis Schinz
- Heeria homblei De Wild.
- Heeria hypoleuca Van der Veken
- Heeria insignis (Delile) Kuntze var. lanceolata Suess.
- Heeria insignis (Delile) Kuntze var. latifolia (Engl.) Engl.
- Heeria insignis (Delile) Kuntze var. reticulata Baker f.
- Heeria insignis auct.
- Heeria kassneri Engl. & Brehmer
- Heeria kwangoensis Van der Veken
- Heeria longipes Engl. & Gilg
- Heeria marginata Van der Veken
- Heeria microphylla Schinz
- Heeria mildredae Meikle
- Heeria mucronata Bernh.
- Heeria mucronata Bernh. var. obovata (Oliv.) Engl.
- Heeria mucronifolia Burtt Davy & Hoyle
- Heeria namaensis Schinz & Dinter
- Heeria nigricans Van der Veken
- Heeria nigricans Van der Veken var. elongata Van der Veken
- Heeria nitida Engl. & Brehmer
- Heeria pallida Van der Veken
- Heeria paniculosa (Sond.) Kuntze
- Heeria pseudoverticillata Van der Veken
- Heeria pulcherrima (Schweinf.) Kuntze
- Heeria pwetoensis Van der Veken
- Heeria pwetoensis Van der Veken var. subreticulata Van der Veken
- Heeria rangeana Engl.
- Heeria rautaneniana Schinz
- Heeria reticulata (Baker f.) Engl.
- Heeria reticulata auct.
- Heeria robusta Van der Veken
- Heeria salicina (Sond.) Burtt Davy
- Heeria schinzii Engl.
- Heeria schoenlandiana Dinter
- Heeria stenophylla Engl. & Gilg
- Heeria uelensis Van der Veken
- Heeria uelensis Van der Veken var. isotricha Van der Veken
- Heeria verticillata (Engl.) Engl.
- Heeria xylophylla Engl. & Gilg
- Lannea acida A.Rich.
- Lannea acidissima A.Chev.
- Lannea acuminata Engl.
- Lannea afzelii Engl. var. pubescens Aubrév.
- Lannea alata (Engl.) Engl.
- Lannea amaniensis Engl. & K.Krause
- Lannea ambacensis (Hiern) Engl.
- Lannea ambigua Engl.
- Lannea angolensis R.Fern. & Mendes
- Lannea antiscorbutica (Hiern) Engl.
- Lannea asymmetrica R.E.Fr.
- Lannea bagirmensis Engl.
- Lannea barteri (Oliv.) Engl.
- Lannea buettneri Engl.
- Lannea chevalieri Engl.
- Lannea cinerascens Engl.
- Lannea cinerea (Engl.) Engl.
- Lannea cotoneaster (Chiov.) Sacleux
- Lannea cufodontii Chiov.
- Lannea cuneifoliolata (Engl.) Engl.
- Lannea dahomensis A.Chev.
- Lannea decorticans Engl.
- Lannea discolor (Sond.) Engl.
- Lannea discolor x schimperi Hell.
- Lannea djalonica A.Chev.
- Lannea ebolowensis Engl. & Brehmer
- Lannea edulis (Sond.) Engl. var. edulis
- Lannea edulis (Sond.) Engl. var. glabrescens (Engl.) Burtt Davy
- Lannea edulis (Sond.) Engl. var. integrifolia Engl.
- Lannea edulis var. edulis x L. edulis var. integrifolia Hell.
- Lannea egregia Engl. & K.Krause
- Lannea floccosa Sacleux
- Lannea fruticosa (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Engl.
- Lannea fulva (Engl.) Engl.
- Lannea garuensis Engl.
- Lannea glaberrima Engl. & K.Krause
- Lannea glabrescens Engl.
- Lannea glaucescens Engl.
- Lannea gossweileri Exell & Mendonça subsp. gossweileri
- Lannea gossweileri Exell & Mendonça subsp. tomentella (R.Fern. & A.Fern.) J.B.Gillett
- Lannea gossweileri Exell & Mendonça var. tomentella R. & A.Fern.
- Lannea greenwayi Kokwaro
- Lannea grossularia A.Chev.
- Lannea humilis (Oliv.) Engl.
- Lannea katangensis Van der Veken
- Lannea kerstingii Engl. & K.Krause
- Lannea kirkii Burtt Davy
- Lannea lagdoensis (Engl. & K.Krause) Mildbr.
- Lannea ledermannii Engl.
- Lannea longifoliolata Engl. & K.Krause
- Lannea malifolia (Chiov.) Sacleux
- Lannea microcarpa Engl. & K.Krause
- Lannea minimifolia (Chiov.) Cufod.
- Lannea multijuga Engl.
- Lannea nana Engl.
- Lannea nigritana (Scott-Elliot) Keay var. nigritana
- Lannea nigritana (Scott-Elliot) Keay var. pubescens Keay
- Lannea obcordata (Engl.) Engl.
- Lannea obovata (Hook.f. ex Oliv.) Engl.
- Lannea oleosa A.Chev.
- Lannea otavensis Engl. & K.Krause
- Lannea rivae (Chiov.) Sacleux
- Lannea rubra (Hiern) Engl. var. elongata Van der Veken
- Lannea rubra (Hiern) Engl. var. rubra
- Lannea rubra (Hiern) Engl. var. serrata Van der Veken
- Lannea rufescens Engl.
- Lannea ruspolii Engl.
- Lannea schimperi (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Engl. var. glabrescens (Engl.) J.B.Gillett
- Lannea schimperi (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Engl. var. schimperi
- Lannea schimperi (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Engl. var. stolzii (Engl. & Brehmer) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
- Lannea schweinfurthii (Engl.) Engl. var. acutifoliolata (Engl.) Kokwaro
- Lannea schweinfurthii (Engl.) Engl. var. schweinfurthii
- Lannea schweinfurthii (Engl.) Engl. var. stuhlmannii (Engl.) Kokwaro
- Lannea schweinfurthii (Engl.) Engl. var. tomentosa (Dunkley) Kokwaro
- Lannea sessilifoliata Engl.
- Lannea somalensis (Chiov.) Cufod.
- Lannea stolzii Engl. & Brehmer
- Lannea stuhlmannii (Engl.) Engl.
- Lannea stuhlmannii (Engl.) Engl. var. brevifoliolata Engl.
- Lannea stuhlmannii (Engl.) Engl. var. oblongifoliolata Engl.
- Lannea stuhlmannii (Engl.) Engl. var. tomentosa Dunkley
- Lannea tibatensis Engl.
- Lannea tomentosa (Engl.) Engl.
- Lannea triphylla (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Engl.
- Lannea velutina A.Rich.
- Lannea virgata R. & A.Fern.
- Lannea welwitschii (Hiern) Engl.
- Lannea wodier (Roxb.) Adelb. var. brevifolia (Engl.) Eyles
- Lannea zastrowiana Engl. & Brehmer
- Lannea zenkeri Engl. & K.Krause
- Lanneoma velutina Delile
- Laurophyllus capensis Thunb.
- Lithraea molleoides (Vell.) Engl.
- Lithrea Miers ex Hook. & Arn. - Lithrea
- Lithrea molleoides (Vell.) Engl. - Aroeira Blanca
- Loxostylis alata A.Spreng. ex Rchb.
- Malosma laurina (Nutt.) Nutt. ex Abrams - Laurel Sumac
- Malosma Nutt. ex Abrams - Laurel Sumac
- Mangifera africana Oliv.
- Mangifera altissima Blanco - Pahutan
- Mangifera caesia Jack ex Wallich - Binjai
- Mangifera foetida Lour. - Bachang
- Mangifera gabonensis Aubry-LeComte ex O'Rorke
- Mangifera indica L. - Mango
- Mangifera indica L.
- Mangifera L. - Mango
- Mangifera odorata Griffith - Kwini
- Mangifera pinnata L.f.
- Melanorrhoea usitata Wallich - Burmese Lacquer
- Melanorrhoea Wallich - Melanorrhoea
- Metopium P. Br. - Florida Poisontree
- Metopium toxiferum (L.) Krug & Urban - Florida Poisontree
- Nothospondias staudtii Engl.
- Nothospondias talbotii S.Moore
- Odina acida (A.Chev.) Walp.
- Odina alata Engl.
- Odina barteri Oliv.
- Odina cinerea Engl.
- Odina cotoneaster Chiov.
- Odina cuneifoliolata Engl.
- Odina discolor Sond.
- Odina edulis Sond.
- Odina edulis Sond. var. glabrescens Engl.
- Odina fruticosa Hochst. ex A.Rich.
- Odina fulva Engl.
- Odina humilis Oliv.
- Odina malifolia Chiov.
- Odina minimifolia Chiov.
- Odina nigritana Scott-Elliot
- Odina obcordata Engl.
- Odina obovata Hook.f. ex Oliv.
- Odina rivae Chiov.
- Odina schimperi Hochst. ex A.Rich. var. glabrescens Engl.
- Odina schweinfurthii Engl.
- Odina shimperi Hochst. ex A.Rich.
- Odina somalensis (Chiov.) Senni
- Odina stuhlmannii Engl.
- Odina stuhlmannii Engl. var. acutifoliolata Engl.
- Odina stuhlmannii Engl. var. brevifoliolata Engl.
- Odina stuhlmannii Engl. var. oblongifoliolata Engl.
- Odina tomentosa Engl.
- Odina triphylla Hochst. ex A.Rich.
- Odina velutina (A.Rich.) Oliv.
- Ozoroa albicans R. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa argyrochrysea (Engl. & Gilg) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa aurantiaca (Van der Veken) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa barbertonensis Retief
- Ozoroa benguellensis (Engl.) R.Fern.
- Ozoroa bredoi R. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa cinerea (Engl.) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa concolor (C.Presl) De Winter
- Ozoroa crassinervia (Engl.) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa dekindtiana (Engl.) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa dispar (C.Presl) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa engleri R. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa fulva (Van der Veken) R.Fern. & A.Fern. var. fulva
- Ozoroa fulva (Van der Veken) R.Fern. & A.Fern. var. nitidula (Van der Veken) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa gomesiana R. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa gossweileri (Exell) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa hereroensis (Schinz) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa homblei (De Wild.) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa hypoleuca (Van der Veken) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa insignis Delile
- Ozoroa insignis Delile subsp. insignis
- Ozoroa insignis Delile subsp. reticulata (Baker f.) J.B.Gillett
- Ozoroa insignis Delile var. intermedia R.Fern.
- Ozoroa insignis Delile var. latifolia
- Ozoroa kassneri (Engl. & Brehmer) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa kassneri (Engl. & Brehmer) R.Fern. & A.Fern. forma kassneri (Engl. & Brehmer) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa kassneri (Engl. & Brehmer) R.Fern. & A.Fern. forma rhodesica R. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa kassneri (Engl. & Brehmer) R.Fern. & A.Fern. forma velutina R. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa kassneri (Engl. & Brehmer) R.Fern. & A.Fern. forma villosa R. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa kwangoensis (Van der Veken) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa longipes (Engl. & Gilg) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa longipetiolata R. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa macrophylla R. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa marginata (Van der Veken) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa mildredae (Meikle) R.Fern. & A.Fern. var. longifolia R.Fern.
- Ozoroa mildredae (Meikle) R.Fern. & A.Fern. var. mildredae
- Ozoroa mucronata (Bernh.) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa namaensis (Schinz & Dinter) R.Fern.
- Ozoroa namaquensis (Sprague) Von Teichman & A.E.van Wyk
- Ozoroa nigricans (Van der Veken) R.Fern. & A.Fern. var. elongata (Van der Veken) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa nigricans (Van der Veken) R.Fern. & A.Fern. var. nigricans
- Ozoroa nitida (Engl. & Brehmer) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa obovata (Oliv.) R.Fern. & A.Fern. forma elliptica
- Ozoroa obovata (Oliv.) R.Fern. & A.Fern. forma grandifolia R. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa obovata (Oliv.) R.Fern. & A.Fern. var. obovata
- Ozoroa okavangensis R. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa pallida (Van der Veken) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa paniculosa (Sond.) R.Fern. & A.Fern. var. paniculosa
- Ozoroa paniculosa (Sond.) R.Fern. & A.Fern. var. salicina (Sond.) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa pseudoverticillata (Van der Veken) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa pulcherrima (Schweinf.) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa pwetoensis (Van der Veken) R.Fern. & A.Fern. var. angustifolia R. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa pwetoensis (Van der Veken) R.Fern. & A.Fern. var. nitidula R. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa pwetoensis (Van der Veken) R.Fern. & A.Fern. var. pwetoensis
- Ozoroa pwetoensis (Van der Veken) R.Fern. & A.Fern. var. subreticulata (Van der Veken) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa rangeana (Engl.) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa reticulata (Baker f.) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa reticulata (Baker f.) R.Fern. & A.Fern. subsp. grandifolia R. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa reticulata (Baker f.) R.Fern. & A.Fern. var. cinerea R. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa reticulata (Baker f.) R.Fern. & A.Fern. var. crispa R. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa reticulata (Baker f.) R.Fern. & A.Fern. var. foveolata R. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa reticulata (Baker f.) R.Fern. & A.Fern. var. mossambicensis R. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa reticulata (Baker f.) R.Fern. & A.Fern. var. nyasica R. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa reticulata (Baker f.) R.Fern. & A.Fern. var. reticulata
- Ozoroa robusta (Van der Veken) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa schinzii (Engl.) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa sphaerocarpa R. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa stenophylla (Engl. & Gilg) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa uelensis (Van der Veken) R.Fern. & A.Fern. var. isotricha (Van der Veken) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa uelensis (Van der Veken) R.Fern. & A.Fern. var. uelensis
- Ozoroa verticillata (Engl.) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa viridis R. & A.Fern.
- Ozoroa xylophylla (Engl. & Gilg) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
- Pistacia aethiopica Dale & Greenway
- Pistacia aethiopica Kokwaro
- Pistacia atlantica Desf. - Mt. Atlas Mastic Tree
- Pistacia cabulica Stocks - >>pistacia Atlantica
- Pistacia chinensis Bunge var. falcata (Mart.) Zohary
- Pistacia falcata Becc. ex Martelli
- Pistacia L. - Pistache
- Pistacia lentiscus L. - Mastic Tree
- Pistacia lentiscus L.
- Pistacia lentiscus L. var. emarginata Engl.
- Pistacia lentiscus L. var. falcatula Chiov.
- Pistacia mexicana Kunth - American Pistachio
- Pistacia terebinthus L. - Cyprus Turpentine
- Pistacia texana Swingle - >>pistacia Mexicana
- Pistacia vera L. - Pistachio Nut
- Poupartia caffra (Sond.) H.Perrier
- Protorhus longifolia (Bernh.) Engl.
- Protorhus namaquensis Sprague
- Pseudospondias longifolia Engl.
- Pseudospondias luxurians A.Chev.
- Pseudospondias microcarpa (A.Rich.) Engl.
- Rhus "upingtoniae"
- Rhus abyssinica Hochst. ex Oliv.
- Rhus acocksii Moffett
- Rhus acuminata E.Mey.
- Rhus acuminatissima R. & A.Fern.
- Rhus acutidens Engl.
- Rhus acutiloba Turcz. - >>toxicodendron Pubescens
- Rhus africana auct.
- Rhus africana Mill.
- Rhus africana Mill. var. macrophylla Sond.
- Rhus albomarginata Sond.
- Rhus ambigua
- Rhus amboensis Schinz
- Rhus amerina Meikle
- Rhus amharica Pic.Serm.
- Rhus ampla Engl.
- Rhus anchietae Ficalho ex Hiern
- Rhus anchietae Ficalho ex Hiern forma mendoncae (Meikle) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
- Rhus anchietae Ficalho ex Hiern forma suffruticosa (Meikle) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
- Rhus angolensis Engl.
- Rhus angolensis Engl. forma angolensis
- Rhus angolensis Engl. forma glabrescens R.Fern.
- Rhus angustifolia L.
- Rhus angustifolia L. x R. laevigata L. var. laevigata forma laevigata
- Rhus apiculata Engl.
- Rhus arenaria (Greene) G.N. Jones - >>rhus Aromatica Var. Arenaria
- Rhus arenaria Engl.
- Rhus argentea A.Chev.
- Rhus aromatica - Lemon Sumach
- Rhus aromatica Ait. - Fragrant Sumac
- Rhus aromatica Ait. ssp. flabelliformis (Shinners) R.E. Brooks - >>rhus Trilobata Var. Trilobata
- Rhus aromatica Ait. ssp. pilosissima (Engelm.) W.A. Weber - >>rhus Trilobata Var. Pilosissima
- Rhus aromatica Ait. ssp. serotina (Greene) R.E. Brooks - >>rhus Aromatica Var. Serotina
- Rhus aromatica Ait. ssp. trilobata (Nutt.) W.A. Weber - >>rhus Trilobata Var. Trilobata
- Rhus aromatica Ait. var. aromatica - Fragrant Sumac
- Rhus aromatica Ait. var. flabelliformis Shinners - >>rhus Trilobata Var. Trilobata
- Rhus aromatica Ait. var. illinoensis (Greene) Rehd. - >>rhus Aromatica Var. Aromatica
- Rhus aromatica Ait. var. mollis Ashe - >>rhus Trilobata Var. Pilosissima
- Rhus aromatica Ait. var. pilosissima (Engelm.) Shinners - >>rhus Trilobata Var. Pilosissima
- Rhus aromatica Ait. var. serotina (Greene) Rehd. - Fragrant Sumac
- Rhus aromatica Ait. var. simplicifolia (Greene) Cronq. - >>rhus Trilobata Var. Simplicifolia
- Rhus aromatica Ait. var. trilobata (Nutt.) Gray ex. S. Wats. - >>rhus Trilobata Var. Trilobata
- Rhus atomica Jacq.
- Rhus batophylla Codd
- Rhus baurii Schönland
- Rhus bequaertii Robyns & Lawalrée
- Rhus blanda Meikle
- Rhus blanda Meikle forma blanda
- Rhus blanda Meikle forma exelliana (Meikle) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
- Rhus bolusii Sond. ex Engl.
- Rhus borealis Greene - >>rhus Glabra
- Rhus brenanii Kokwaro
- Rhus buettneri Engl.
- Rhus buluwayensis Diels
- Rhus burchellii Sond. ex Engl.
- Rhus burchellii Sond. ex Engl. var. tricrenata Engl.
- Rhus burkeana Sond.
- Rhus calophylla Greene - >>rhus Glabra
- Rhus carnosula Schönland
- Rhus carnosula Schönland var. parvifolia Schönland
- Rhus celastroides Sond.
- Rhus chinensis - Chinese Gall
- Rhus chinensis P. Mill. var. sandwicensis (Gray) O. Deg. & Greenw. - >>rhus Sandwicensis
- Rhus chirindensis Baker f.
- Rhus chirindensis Baker f. forma legatii (Schönland) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
- Rhus choriophylla Woot. & Standl. - >>rhus Virens Var. Choriophylla
- Rhus ciliata auct.
- Rhus ciliata Licht. ex Schult.
- Rhus ciliata Licht. ex Schult. forma fastigiata Schönland
- Rhus ciliata Licht. ex Schult. forma lepidota Burtt Davy
- Rhus cinerea R. & A.Fern.
- Rhus cirrhiflora L.f.
- Rhus coddii R. & A.Fern.
- Rhus colensoana Engl.
- Rhus collina Engl.
- Rhus commiphoroides Engl. & Gilg
- Rhus concinna Burch.
- Rhus concolor C.Presl
- Rhus conrathii Burtt Davy
- Rhus copallinum L. - Flameleaf Sumac
- Rhus copallinum L. var. copallinum - Flameleaf Sumac
- Rhus copallinum L. var. lanceolata Gray - >>rhus Lanceolata
- Rhus copallinum L. var. leucantha (Jacq.) DC. - Winged Sumac
- Rhus coriacea Engl.
- Rhus coriaria - Elm-leaved Sumach
- Rhus coriaria L. - Sicilian Sumac
- Rhus cotinus L. - >>cotinus Coggygria
- Rhus crenata Thunb.
- Rhus crenulata A.Rich.
- Rhus crispa (Harv. ex Engl.) Schönland
- Rhus culminum R. & A.Fern.
- Rhus cuneata N.E.Br.
- Rhus cuneifolia L.f.
- Rhus dentata Thunb.
- Rhus dentata Thunb. forma glabra (Schönland) R.Fern.
- Rhus dentata Thunb. forma glabra Schönland
- Rhus dentata Thunb. forma parvifolia (Harv. ex Sond.) Schönland
- Rhus dentata Thunb. forma pilosissima (Engl.) R.Fern.
- Rhus dentata Thunb. forma puberula Sond.
- Rhus dentata Thunb. forma sparsepilosa R.Fern.
- Rhus dentata Thunb. forma villosissima R.Fern.
- Rhus dentata Thunb. var. fulvescens (Engl.) Burtt Davy
- Rhus dentata Thunb. var. parvifolia (Harv. ex Sond.) Schönland
- Rhus dentata Thunb. var. truncata Burtt Davy
- Rhus digitata L.f.
- Rhus dimidiata Thunb.
- Rhus dinteri Engl.
- Rhus discolor auct.
- Rhus discolor E.Mey. ex Sond.
- Rhus discolor E.Mey. ex Sond. forma grandifolia (Engl.) Schönland
- Rhus discolor E.Mey. ex Sond. forma intermedia Burtt Davy
- Rhus discolor E.Mey. ex Sond. forma latifolia Schönland
- Rhus discolor E.Mey. ex Sond. forma villosissima (Engl.) Schönland
- Rhus dispar C.Presl
- Rhus dissecta Thunb.
- Rhus dissecta Thunb. var. obovata Schönland
- Rhus dissecta Thunb. var. pinnatifida Schönland
- Rhus divaricata Eckl. & Zeyh.
- Rhus divaricata Eckl. & Zeyh. var. fulvescens Engl.
- Rhus diversiloba Torr. & Gray - >>toxicodendron Diversilobum
- Rhus djalonensis A.Chev.
- Rhus dracomontana Moffett
- Rhus dregeana Sond.
- Rhus dumetorum Exell
- Rhus dunensis Gand.
- Rhus dura Schönland
- Rhus dyeri R. & A.Fern.
- Rhus eburnea Schönland
- Rhus eckloniana Sond.
- Rhus engleri Britten
- Rhus ernestii Schönland
- Rhus erosa Thunb.
- Rhus erosus Radlk.
- Rhus excisa Thunb.
- Rhus exelliana Meikle
- Rhus eylesii Hutch.
- Rhus falcata (Becc. ex Mart.) Penz.
- Rhus fanshawei R. & A.Fern.
- Rhus fastigiata Eckl. & Zeyh.
- Rhus filiformis Schinz
- Rhus flexicaulis Baker
- Rhus flexuosa Diels
- Rhus foliosa A.Rich.
- Rhus fraseri Schönland
- Rhus fulvescens (Engl.) Diels
- Rhus galpinii Schinz
- Rhus gerrardii (Harv. ex Engl.) Diels
- Rhus gerrardii (Harv. ex Engl.) Diels var. basutorum Schönland
- Rhus gerrardii (Harv. ex Engl.) Diels var. latifolia Schönland
- Rhus gerrardii (Harv. ex Engl.) Diels var. montana (Diels) Schönland
- Rhus glabra - Smooth Sumach
- Rhus glabra L. var. borealis Britt., non Rhus borealis Greene - >>rhus Pulvinata
- Rhus glabra L. var. laciniata Carr. - >>rhus Glabra
- Rhus glabra L. var. occidentalis Torr. - >>rhus Glabra
- Rhus glauca Thunb.
- Rhus glaucescens A.Rich.
- Rhus glaucescens A.Rich. var. macrocarpa Schweinf.
- Rhus glaucescens A.Rich. var. natalensis (Bernh. ex Krauss) Engl.
- Rhus glaucescens A.Rich. var. natalensis auct.
- Rhus glaucovirens Engl.
- Rhus glutinosa Hochst. ex A.Rich. subsp. abyssinica (Hochst. ex Oliv.) M.G.Gilbert
- Rhus glutinosa Hochst. ex A.Rich. subsp. glutinosa
- Rhus glutinosa Hochst. ex A.Rich. subsp. neoglutinosa (M.G.Gilbert) M.G.Gilbert
- Rhus glutinosa Hochst. ex A.Rich. var. obtusifolia Engl.
- Rhus glutinosa Hochst. ex A.Rich. var. unifoliolata Cufod.
- Rhus gossweileri Engl.
- Rhus gracilipes Exell
- Rhus gracilis Engl.
- Rhus gracillima Engl. var. glaberrima Schönland
- Rhus gracillima Engl. var. gracillima
- Rhus grandidens Harv. ex Engl.
- Rhus grandifolia Engl.
- Rhus grossireticulata Van der Veken
- Rhus gueinzii auct.
- Rhus gueinzii Sond.
- Rhus gueinzii Sond. var. crispa Harv. ex Engl.
- Rhus gueinzii Sond. var. spinescens (Diels) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
- Rhus harveyi Moffett
- Rhus herbacea A.Chev.
- Rhus hirta Harv. ex Engl.
- Rhus horrida Eckl. & Zeyh.
- Rhus humpatensis Meikle
- Rhus humpatensis Meikle forma humpatensis
- Rhus humpatensis Meikle forma subglabra R.Fern.
- Rhus impermeabilis Dinter
- Rhus inamoena Standl. ex Bullock
- Rhus incana Engl.
- Rhus incana Mill.
- Rhus incisa L.f. var. effusa (C.Presl) R.Fern.
- Rhus incisa L.f. var. incisa
- Rhus incisa L.f. var. obovata (Sond.) Schönland
- Rhus insignis (Delile) Oliv. var. obovata Oliv.
- Rhus integrifolia - Lemonade Berry
- Rhus integrifolia (Nutt.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Brewer & S. Wats. - Lemonade Sumac
- Rhus integrifolia Engl.
- Rhus intermedia Schönland
- Rhus kearneyi Barkl. - Kearney's Sumac
- Rhus keetii Schönland
- Rhus kirkii Oliv.
- Rhus kirkii Oliv. var. kwangoensis Van der Veken
- Rhus kirkii Oliv. var. polyneura (Engl. & Gilg) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
- Rhus knysniaca Schinz
- Rhus krebsiana C.Presl ex Engl.
- Rhus kwangoensis (Van der Veken) Kokwaro
- Rhus kwazuluana Moffett
- Rhus kwebensis N.E.Br.
- Rhus L. - Sumac
- Rhus laevigata auct.
- Rhus laevigata L.
- Rhus laevigata L. forma cangoana Moffett
- Rhus laevigata L. forma laevigata
- Rhus laevigata L. var. atomaria (Jacq.) R.Fern.
- Rhus laevigata L. var. latifolia (Schönland) R.Fern.
- Rhus laevigata L. var. villosa (L.f.) R.Fern.
- Rhus lancea L.f.
- Rhus lanceolata (Gray) Britt. - Prairie Sumac
- Rhus laurina Nutt. - >>malosma Laurina
- Rhus legatii Schönland
- Rhus leptodictya Diels
- Rhus leptodictya Diels forma leptodictya Diels
- Rhus leptodictya Diels forma pilosa R. & A.Fern.
- Rhus leucantha Jacq. - >>rhus Copallinum Var. Leucantha
- Rhus longifolia (Bernh.) Sond.
- Rhus longipes Engl. var. elgonensis Kokwaro
- Rhus longipes Engl. var. grandifolia (Oliv.) Meikle
- Rhus longipes Engl. var. longipes
- Rhus longipes Engl. var. schinoides R.Fern.
- Rhus longispina auct.
- Rhus longispina Eckl. & Zeyh.
- Rhus lucens Hutch.
- Rhus lucida L.
- Rhus lucida L. forma elliptica (Sond.) Moffett
- Rhus lucida L. forma lucida
- Rhus lucida L. forma scoparia (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Moffett
- Rhus lucida L. var. elliptica Sond.
- Rhus lucida L. var. outeniquensis (Szyszyl.) Schönland
- Rhus macowanii Schönland
- Rhus macowanii Schönland forma rehmanniana (Engl.) Schönland
- Rhus macrocarpa Engl.
- Rhus magalismontana Sond. subsp. coddii (R.Fern. & A.Fern.) Moffett
- Rhus magalismontana Sond. subsp. magalismontana
- Rhus magalismontana Sond. subsp. magalismontana x R. pyroides Burch. var. pyroides
- Rhus magalismontana Sond. subsp. trifoliolata (Baker f.) Moffett
- Rhus marginata E.Mey.
- Rhus maricoana Moffett
- Rhus marlothii Engl.
- Rhus mendoncae Meikle
- Rhus michauxii Sarg. - False Poison Sumac
- Rhus microcarpa auct.
- Rhus microcarpa Schönland
- Rhus microphylla - Desert Sumach
- Rhus microphylla Engelm. ex Gray - Littleleaf Sumac
- Rhus milleri R. & A.Fern.
- Rhus mollis Jacq.
- Rhus montana Diels
- Rhus montana Diels var. basutorum (Schönland) R.Fern.
- Rhus montana Diels var. gerrardii (Harv. ex Engl.) R.Fern.
- Rhus montana Diels var. latifolia (Schönland) R.Fern.
- Rhus monticola Meikle
- Rhus mucronata Thunb.
- Rhus mucronata Thunb. var. atomaria (Jacq.) Schönland
- Rhus mucronata Thunb. var. laevigata (L.) Schönland
- Rhus mucronata Thunb. var. latifolia Schönland
- Rhus mucronata Thunb. var. villosa (L.f.) Schönland
- Rhus myriantha Baker
- Rhus natalensis auct.
- Rhus natalensis Bernh. ex Krauss var. macrocarpa (Schweinf.) Cufod.
- Rhus natalensis Bernh. ex Krauss var. natalensis
- Rhus natalensis Bernh. ex Krauss var. obovatifoliolata (Engl.) Chiov.
- Rhus nebulosa Schönland
- Rhus nebulosa Schönland forma nebulosa
- Rhus nebulosa Schönland forma pubescens Moffett
- Rhus neoglutinosa M.G.Gilbert
- Rhus nitida Engl.
- Rhus oblanceolata Schinz
- Rhus obliqua E.Mey.
- Rhus obovata Sond.
- Rhus obtusata (Engl.) Meikle
- Rhus obtusifolia (Small) Small - >>rhus Copallinum Var. Leucantha
- Rhus ochracea Meikle var. ochracea
- Rhus ochracea Meikle var. saxicola R. & A.Fern.
- Rhus outeniquensis Szyszyl.
- Rhus ovata - Sugar Bush
- Rhus ovata S. Wats. - Sugar Sumac
- Rhus ovata S. Wats. var. traskiae Barkl. p.p. - >>rhus Ovata
- Rhus oxyacantha Schousb. ex Cav.
- Rhus pallens Eckl. & Zeyh.
- Rhus paniculosa Sond.
- Rhus parvifolia Harv. ex Sond.
- Rhus pendulina Jacq.
- Rhus pentaphylla (Jacq.) Desf.
- Rhus pentheri Zahlbr.
- Rhus petitiana A.Rich.
- Rhus plukenetiana Eckl. & Zeyh.
- Rhus polyneura Engl. & Gilg var. hylophila Engl. & Gilg
- Rhus polyneura Engl. & Gilg var. polyneura
- Rhus pondoensis Schönland
- Rhus populifolia E.Mey. ex Sond.
- Rhus potaninii
- Rhus problematodes Merxm. & Roessler
- Rhus pterota C.Presl
- Rhus puberula Eckl. & Zeyh.
- Rhus pubescens Thunb.
- Rhus pubescens Thunb. var. caledonica Eckl. & Zeyh.
- Rhus pubescens Thunb. var. subglabra Eckl. & Zeyh.
- Rhus pubescens Thunb. var. tulbaghica Eckl. & Zeyh.
- Rhus pubescens Thunb. var. uitenhagensis Eckl. & Zeyh.
- Rhus puccionii Chiov.
- Rhus pulcherrima (Schweinf.) Oliv.
- Rhus punjabensis
- Rhus punjabensis sinica
- Rhus pygmaea Moffett
- Rhus pyroides Burch. var. dinteri (Engl.) Moffett
- Rhus pyroides Burch. var. glabrata Sond.
- Rhus pyroides Burch. var. gracilis (Engl.) Burtt Davy
- Rhus pyroides Burch. var. integrifolia (Engl.) Moffett
- Rhus pyroides Burch. var. puberula (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Schönland
- Rhus pyroides Burch. var. pyroides
- Rhus pyroides Burch. var. transvaalensis Schönland
- Rhus quartiniana A.Rich.
- Rhus quartiniana A.Rich. var. acutifoliolata (Engl.) Meikle
- Rhus quartiniana A.Rich. var. zambesiensis R. & A.Fern.
- Rhus radicans L. - >>toxicodendron Radicans Ssp. Radicans
- Rhus radicans L. var. littoralis (Mearns) Deam - >>toxicodendron Radicans Ssp. Radicans
- Rhus radicans L. var. malacotrichocarpa (A.H. Moore) Fern. - >>toxicodendron Radicans Ssp. Radicans
- Rhus radicans L. var. rydbergii (Small ex Rydb.) Rehd. - >>toxicodendron Rydbergii
- Rhus radicans L. var. vulgaris (Michx.) DC. - >>toxicodendron Rydbergii
- Rhus rangeana Engl.
- Rhus refracta Eckl. & Zeyh.
- Rhus rehmanniana Engl. var. glabrata (Sond.) Moffett
- Rhus rehmanniana Engl. var. longecuneata R. & A.Fern.
- Rhus rehmanniana Engl. var. rehmanniana
- Rhus retinorrhaea Steud. ex Oliv.
- Rhus rhodesiensis R. & A.Fern. forma glabra R. & A.Fern.
- Rhus rhodesiensis R. & A.Fern. forma rhodesiensis
- Rhus rhodesiensis R.Fern. & A.Fern. x trifoliolata Hell.
- Rhus rhodesiensis x R. trifoliolata R. & A.Fern.
- Rhus rhombocarpa R. & A.Fern.
- Rhus rigida auct.
- Rhus rigida Mill. var. dentata (Engl.) Moffett
- Rhus rigida Mill. var. margaretae Burtt Davy ex Moffett
- Rhus rigida Mill. var. rigida
- Rhus rimosa Eckl. & Zeyh.
- Rhus rogersii Schönland
- Rhus rosmarinifolia Vahl
- Rhus rosmarinifolia Vahl var. brevifolia Schönland
- Rhus rosmarinifolia Vahl var. stenophylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Schönland
- Rhus rosmarinifolia Vahl var. swellendamensis Eckl. & Zeyh.
- Rhus rosmarinifolia Vahl var. typica Schönland
- Rhus rudatisii Engl.
- Rhus rupicola J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans
- Rhus ruspolii Engl.
- Rhus ruzizensis Engl.
- Rhus salicina Sond.
- Rhus sandwicensis Gray - Neneleau
- Rhus schinoides Hutch.
- Rhus schlechteri Diels
- Rhus schliebenii R. & A.Fern.
- Rhus schoenlandii Engl.
- Rhus scoparia Eckl. & Zeyh.
- Rhus scytophylla Eckl. & Zeyh. var. dentata Moffett
- Rhus scytophylla Eckl. & Zeyh. var. scytophylla
- Rhus sekhukhuniensis Moffett
- Rhus simii Schönland
- Rhus simii Schönland var. lydenburgensis Schönland
- Rhus sinuata Eckl. & Zeyh. var. effusa C.Presl
- Rhus somalensis Engl.
- Rhus sonderi Engl. var. glaberrima Engl.
- Rhus sonderi Engl. var. pilosissima Engl.
- Rhus sordida Meikle
- Rhus spinescens Diels
- Rhus squalida auct.
- Rhus squalida Meikle
- Rhus steingroeveri Engl.
- Rhus stenophylla Eckl. & Zeyh.
- Rhus steudneri Engl.
- Rhus stolzii Engl.
- Rhus succedanea - Wax Tree
- Rhus succedanea L. - >>toxicodendron Succedaneum
- Rhus succedanea L.
- Rhus suffruticosa Meikle
- Rhus synstylica R. & A.Fern. var. meeuseana R. & A.Fern.
- Rhus synstylica R. & A.Fern. var. synstylica
- Rhus tambergii Giglioli
- Rhus tenuinervis Engl. var. meikleana R. & A.Fern.
- Rhus tenuinervis Engl. var. tenuinervis
- Rhus tenuipes R. & A.Fern.
- Rhus thunbergii Hook.
- Rhus tomentosa L.
- Rhus toxicarium Salisb. - >>toxicodendron Pubescens
- Rhus toxicodendron - Eastern Poison Oak
- Rhus toxicodendron L. - >>toxicodendron Pubescens
- Rhus toxicodendron L. var. eximia (Greene) McNair - >>toxicodendron Radicans Ssp. Eximium
- Rhus toxicodendron L. var. vulgaris Michx. - >>toxicodendron Rydbergii
- Rhus transvaalensis Engl.
- Rhus trichocarpa
- Rhus tridactyla Burch.
- Rhus tridentata L.f.
- Rhus trifoliolata Baker f.
- Rhus trilobata - Skunk Bush
- Rhus trilobata Nutt. - Skunkbush Sumac
- Rhus trilobata Nutt. var. anisophylla (Greene) Jepson - Skunkbush Sumac
- Rhus trilobata Nutt. var. arenaria (Greene) Barkl. - >>rhus Aromatica Var. Arenaria
- Rhus trilobata Nutt. var. malacophylla (Greene) Munz - >>rhus Trilobata Var. Pilosissima
- Rhus trilobata Nutt. var. pilosissima Engelm. - Pubescent Skunkbush Sumac
- Rhus trilobata Nutt. var. quinata (Greene) Jepson - Skunkbush Sumac
- Rhus trilobata Nutt. var. racemulosa (Greene) Barkl. - Skunkbush Sumac
- Rhus trilobata Nutt. var. serotina (Greene) Barkl. - >>rhus Aromatica Var. Serotina
- Rhus trilobata Nutt. var. simplicifolia (Greene) Barkl. - Skunkbush Sumac
- Rhus trilobata Nutt. var. trilobata - Skunkbush Sumac
- Rhus tripartita (Ucria) Grande
- Rhus truncata Schinz
- Rhus tumulicola S.Moore forma meeuseana (R.Fern. & A.Fern.) Moffett
- Rhus tumulicola S.Moore forma pumila Moffett
- Rhus tumulicola S.Moore var. tumulicola
- Rhus typhina - Stag's Horn Sumach
- Rhus typhina L. - >>rhus Hirta
- Rhus typhina L. var. laciniata Wood - >>rhus Hirta
- Rhus tysonii E.Phillips
- Rhus undulata Jacq.
- Rhus undulata Jacq. forma contracta (Schönland) R.Fern.
- Rhus undulata Jacq. forma contracta Schönland
- Rhus undulata Jacq. forma excisa (Thunb.) R.Fern.
- Rhus undulata Jacq. forma excisa (Thunb.) Schönland
- Rhus undulata Jacq. forma undulata Schönland
- Rhus undulata Jacq. var. burchellii (Sond. ex Engl.) Schönland
- Rhus undulata Jacq. var. celastroides (Sond.) Schönland
- Rhus undulata Jacq. var. tricrenata (Engl.) R.Fern.
- Rhus upingtoniae Dinter
- Rhus vernicifera DC. - >>toxicodendron Vernicifluum
- Rhus verniciflua - Lacquer Tree
- Rhus verniciflua Stokes - >>toxicodendron Vernicifluum
- Rhus vernix - Poison Sumach
- Rhus vernix L. - >>toxicodendron Vernix
- Rhus villosa L.f.
- Rhus villosa L.f. forma acutifoliolata Engl.
- Rhus villosa L.f. forma obtusifoliolata Engl.
- Rhus villosa L.f. var. gracilis Engl.
- Rhus villosa L.f. var. grandifolia Oliv.
- Rhus villosa L.f. var. optusata Engl.
- Rhus villosa L.f. var. tomentosa R.E.Fr.
- Rhus villosissima Engl.
- Rhus viminalis Aiton
- Rhus viminalis auct.
- Rhus viminalis Vahl
- Rhus viminalis Vahl var. gerrardii Harv. ex Engl.
- Rhus virens Lindheimer ex Gray - Evergreen Sumac
- Rhus virens Lindheimer ex Gray ssp. choriophylla (Woot. & Standl.) Young - >>rhus Virens Var. Choriophylla
- Rhus virens Lindheimer ex Gray var. choriophylla (Woot. & Standl.) L. Benson - Evergreen Sumac
- Rhus virens Lindheimer ex Gray var. virens - Evergreen Sumac
- Rhus virgata Hiern
- Rhus volkii Suess.
- Rhus vulgaris auct.
- Rhus vulgaris Meikle
- Rhus wallichii
- Rhus wellmanii Engl.
- Rhus welwitschii Engl.
- Rhus welwitschii Engl. var. angustifoliolata Baker f.
- Rhus wildii R. & A.Fern.
- Rhus wilmsii Diels
- Rhus x pulvinata
- Rhus zeyheri Sond.
- Rhus zeyheri Sond. var. dentata Engl.
- Rhus zeyheri Sond. var. parvifolia Burtt Davy
- Rhus ×ashei (Small) Greene (pro sp.)
- Rhus ×pulvinata Greene (pro sp.)
- Scassellatia heterophylla Chiov.
- Schinopsis balansae Engler - Quebracho
- Schinopsis Engler - Schinopsis
- Schinopsis haenkeana Engler - Schinopsis
- Schinopsis lorentzii (Griseb.) Engler - >>schinopsis Quebracho-colorado
- Schinopsis quebracho-colorado (Schldl.) F. Barkley & T. Meyer - Red Quebracho
- Schinus L. - Peppertree
- Schinus longifolius (Lindl.) Speg. - Longleaf Peppertree
- Schinus molle - California Peppertree
- Schinus molle L. - Peruvian Peppertree
- Schinus molle L.
- Schinus molleoides Vell.
- Schinus myricoides L.
- Schinus polygamus - Huigen
- Schinus polygamus (Cav.) Cabrera - Hardee Peppertree
- Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi - Brazilian Peppertree
- Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi
- Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi var. acutifolius Engl.
- Schmaltzia anisophylla Greene - >>rhus Trilobata Var. Anisophylla
- Schmaltzia crenata (P. Mill.) Greene - >>rhus Aromatica Var. Aromatica
- Schmaltzia racemulosa Greene - >>rhus Trilobata Var. Racemulosa
- Schmaltzia trilobata (Nutt.) Small - >>rhus Trilobata Var. Trilobata
- Schmaltzia trilobata (Nutt.) Small var. anisophylla (Greene) Barkl. - >>rhus Trilobata Var. Anisophylla
- Sclerocarya birrea (A.Rich.) Hochst. subsp. birrea
- Sclerocarya birrea (A.Rich.) Hochst. subsp. caffra (Sond.) Kokwaro
- Sclerocarya birrea (A.Rich.) Hochst. subsp. multifoliolata (Engl.) Kokwaro
- Sclerocarya birrea (A.Rich.) Hochst. var. multifoliolata Engl.
- Sclerocarya birrea auct.
- Sclerocarya caffra Sond.
- Sclerocarya caffra Sond. var. oblongifoliolata Engl.
- Sclerocarya caffra Sonder - Sclerocarya
- Sclerocarya gillettii Kokwaro
- Sclerocarya Hochst. - Sclerocarya
- Sclerocarya schweinfurthiana Schinz
- Searsia africana (Mill.) F.A.Barkley
- Searsia legatii (Schönland) F.A.Barkley
- Semecarpus anacardium L. f. - Markingnut Tree
- Semecarpus cassuvium Roxb. - Semecarpus
- Semecarpus L. f. - Semecarpus
- Smodingium argutum E.Mey. ex Sond.
- Sorindeia acutifolia Engl.
- Sorindeia adolfi-fredericii Engl. & Brehmer
- Sorindeia africana (Engl.) Van der Veken var. africana
- Sorindeia africana (Engl.) Van der Veken var. lastoursvillensis (Pellegr.) Van der Veken
- Sorindeia afzelii Engl.
- Sorindeia albiflora Engl. & K.Krause
- Sorindeia batekeensis Lecomte
- Sorindeia befalensis Van der Veken
- Sorindeia calantha Mildbr.
- Sorindeia claessensii De Wild. var. claessensii
- Sorindeia claessensii De Wild. var. monticola Van der Veken
- Sorindeia collina Keay
- Sorindeia crassifolia Engl. & K.Krause
- Sorindeia deliciosa A.Chev. ex Hutch. & Dalziel
- Sorindeia ferruginea Engl.
- Sorindeia gabonensis Bourobou & Breteler
- Sorindeia gilletii De Wild.
- Sorindeia gossweileri Exell
- Sorindeia grandifolia Engl.
- Sorindeia heterophylla Hook.f.
- Sorindeia immersinervia Engl. & Brehmer
- Sorindeia juglandifolia (A.Rich.) Planch. ex Oliv.
- Sorindeia juglandifolia auct.
- Sorindeia katangensis Van der Veken
- Sorindeia kimuenzae De Wild.
- Sorindeia lagdoensis Engl. & K.Krause
- Sorindeia lamprophylla Engl. & K.Krause
- Sorindeia lastoursvillensis Pellegr.
- Sorindeia ledermannii Engl. & K.Krause
- Sorindeia lemairei auct.
- Sorindeia letestui Pellegr.
- Sorindeia longifolia (Hook.f.) Oliv.
- Sorindeia longipetiolulata Engl. & Brehmer
- Sorindeia lundensis Exell & Mendonça
- Sorindeia macrophylla Planch. ex Oliv.
- Sorindeia madagascariensis DC.
- Sorindeia maxima Vermoesen
- Sorindeia mayumbensis Van der Veken
- Sorindeia mildbraedii Engl. & Brehmer
- Sorindeia multifoliolata Van der Veken
- Sorindeia ngounyensis Pellegr.
- Sorindeia nitida Engl.
- Sorindeia nitidula Engl.
- Sorindeia obliquifoliolata Engl.
- Sorindeia obtusifoliolata Engl.
- Sorindeia obtusifoliolata Engl. var. parvifoliolata Engl.
- Sorindeia ochracea Engl.
- Sorindeia oxyandra Bourobou & Breteler
- Sorindeia patens Oliv.
- Sorindeia poggei Engl.
- Sorindeia protioides Engl. & K.Krause
- Sorindeia reticulata Engl. & Brehmer
- Sorindeia revoluta Engl. & Brehmer
- Sorindeia rhodesica R. & A.Fern.
- Sorindeia ripicola Champl.
- Sorindeia rubriflora Engl.
- Sorindeia schroederi Engl. & K.Krause
- Sorindeia schweinfurthii Engl.
- Sorindeia somalensis (Chiov.) Chiov.
- Sorindeia sparanoi De Wild.
- Sorindeia submontana Van der Veken
- Sorindeia tchibangensis Pellegr.
- Sorindeia tessmannii Engl.
- Sorindeia tholloni Lecomte
- Sorindeia trimera Oliv.
- Sorindeia undulata R. & A.Fern.
- Sorindeia usambarensis Engl.
- Sorindeia warneckei Engl.
- Sorindeia winkleri Engl.
- Sorindeia zenkeri Engl.
- Spondias birrea A.Rich.
- Spondias cytherea Sonn.
- Spondias cytherea Sonnerat - >>spondias Dulcis
- Spondias dulcis Parkinson - Jewish Plum
- Spondias klaineana (Pierre) Engl.
- Spondias L. - Mombin
- Spondias lutea L. - >>spondias Mombin
- Spondias microcarpa A.Rich.
- Spondias mombin L. - Yellow Mombin
- Spondias mombin L.
- Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz
- Spondias purpurea L. - Purple Mombin
- Spondias purpurea L.
- Spondias soyauxii Engl.
- Spondias tuberosa Arruda ex Koster - Imbu
- Thyrsodium africanum Engl.
- Thyrsodium subglabrum Mildbr. ex Engl.
- Toxicodendron africanum Kuntze
- Toxicodendron desertorum Lunell - >>toxicodendron Rydbergii
- Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & Gray) Greene - Pacific Poison Oak
- Toxicodendron P. Mill. - Poison Oak
- Toxicodendron pubescens P. Mill. - Atlantic Poison Oak
- Toxicodendron quercifolium (Michx.) Greene - >>toxicodendron Pubescens
- Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze - Eastern Poison Ivy
- Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze ssp. divaricatum (Greene) Gillis - Eastern Poison Ivy
- Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze ssp. diversilobum (Torr. & Gray) Thorne - >>toxicodendron Diversilobum
- Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze ssp. eximium (Greene) Gillis - Eastern Poison Ivy
- Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze ssp. negundo (Greene) Gillis - Eastern Poison Ivy
- Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze ssp. pubens (Engelm. ex S. Wats.) Gillis - Eastern Poison Ivy
- Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze ssp. radicans - Eastern Poison Ivy
- Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze ssp. verrucosum (Scheele) Gillis - Eastern Poison Ivy
- Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze var. divaricatum (Greene) Barkl. - >>toxicodendron Radicans Ssp. Divaricatum
- Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze var. eximium (Greene) Barkl. - >>toxicodendron Radicans Ssp. Eximium
- Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze var. negundo (Greene) Reveal - >>toxicodendron Radicans Ssp. Negundo
- Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze var. pubens (Engelm. ex S. Wats.) Reveal - >>toxicodendron Radicans Ssp. Pubens
- Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze var. rydbergii (Small ex Rydb.) Erskine - >>toxicodendron Rydbergii
- Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze var. verrucosum (Scheele) Barkl. - >>toxicodendron Radicans Ssp. Verrucosum
- Toxicodendron rydbergii (Small ex Rydb.) Greene - Western Poison Ivy
- Toxicodendron succedaneum (L.) Kuntze - Wax Tree
- Toxicodendron toxicarium Gillis - >>toxicodendron Pubescens
- Toxicodendron toxicodendron (L.) Britt. - >>toxicodendron Pubescens
- Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Stokes) F. Barkley - Chinese Lacquer
- Toxicodendron vernix (L.) Kuntze - Poison Sumac
- Toxicodendron vulgare P. Mill. - >>toxicodendron Radicans Ssp. Radicans
- Trichoscypha abut Engl. & Brehmer
- Trichoscypha acuminata Engl.
- Trichoscypha africana Lecomte
- Trichoscypha albiflora Engl.
- Trichoscypha altescandens Van der Veken
- Trichoscypha arborea (A.Chev.) A.Chev.
- Trichoscypha arborescens Van der Veken
- Trichoscypha atropurpurea Engl.
- Trichoscypha baldwinii Keay
- Trichoscypha barbata Breteler
- Trichoscypha beguei Aubrév. & Pellegr.
- Trichoscypha bijuga Engl.
- Trichoscypha bipindensis Engl.
- Trichoscypha blydeniae Breteler
- Trichoscypha bracteata Breteler
- Trichoscypha braunii Engl.
- Trichoscypha brieyi De Wild.
- Trichoscypha buettneri Engl.
- Trichoscypha cabindensis Exell & Mendonça
- Trichoscypha camerunensis Engl.
- Trichoscypha cavalliensis Aubrév. & Pellegr.
- Trichoscypha chevalieri Aubrév. & Pellegr.
- Trichoscypha congensis Engl.
- Trichoscypha coriacea Engl. & Brehmer
- Trichoscypha debruijnii Breteler
- Trichoscypha dinklagei Engl.
- Trichoscypha diversifoliolata Van der Veken
- Trichoscypha dusenii Engl.
- Trichoscypha ealensis Van der Veken
- Trichoscypha ejui Engl. & Brehmer
- Trichoscypha engong Engl. & Brehmer
- Trichoscypha escherichii Engl.
- Trichoscypha ferruginea Engl.
- Trichoscypha flamignii De Wild.
- Trichoscypha fusca Lecomte
- Trichoscypha gabonensis Lecomte
- Trichoscypha gambana Jongkind
- Trichoscypha gossweileri Exell & Mendonça
- Trichoscypha hallei Breteler
- Trichoscypha heterophylla Engl. & Brehmer
- Trichoscypha imbricata Engl.
- Trichoscypha klainei Lecomte
- Trichoscypha kwangoensis Van der Veken
- Trichoscypha laurentii De Wild.
- Trichoscypha laxiflora Engl.
- Trichoscypha laxissima Breteler
- Trichoscypha le-testui Lecomte
- Trichoscypha ledermannii Engl. & Brehmer
- Trichoscypha lescrauwaetii De Wild.
- Trichoscypha liberica Engl.
- Trichoscypha liketensis Van der Veken
- Trichoscypha linderi Breteler
- Trichoscypha longifolia (Hook.f.) Engl.
- Trichoscypha longipetala Baker f.
- Trichoscypha lucens Oliv.
- Trichoscypha macrophylla Lecomte
- Trichoscypha mannii Hook.f.
- Trichoscypha mannioides A.Chev.
- Trichoscypha mildbraedii Engl. & Brehmer
- Trichoscypha nigra Lecomte
- Trichoscypha nyangensis Pellegr.
- Trichoscypha oba Aubrév. & Pellegr.
- Trichoscypha oddonii De Wild.
- Trichoscypha oliveri Engl.
- Trichoscypha olodiana Breteler
- Trichoscypha pallidiflora Engl. & Brehmer
- Trichoscypha panniculata Engl.
- Trichoscypha parviflora Engl.
- Trichoscypha parvifloroides Pellegr.
- Trichoscypha parvifoliolata Van der Veken
- Trichoscypha patens (Oliv.) Engl.
- Trichoscypha pauciflora Van der Veken
- Trichoscypha platycarpa Van der Veken
- Trichoscypha preussii Engl.
- Trichoscypha redingii De Wild.
- Trichoscypha reticulata Engl.
- Trichoscypha reygaertii De Wild.
- Trichoscypha rhoifolia Engl. & Brehmer
- Trichoscypha rubicunda Lecomte
- Trichoscypha rubriflora Engl. & Brehmer
- Trichoscypha scandens Van der Veken
- Trichoscypha silveirana Exell & Mendonça
- Trichoscypha smeathmannii Keay
- Trichoscypha smythei Hutch. & Dalziel
- Trichoscypha soyauxii Engl. & Brehmer
- Trichoscypha submontana Van der Veken
- Trichoscypha subretusa Engl. & Brehmer
- Trichoscypha talbotii Baker f.
- Trichoscypha tessmannii Engl. & Brehmer
- Trichoscypha turbinata Lecomte
- Trichoscypha ulugurensis Mildbr. subsp. submontana (Van der Veken) Kokwaro
- Trichoscypha ulugurensis Mildbr. subsp. ulugurensis
- Trichoscypha victoriae Engl.
- Trichoscypha volubilis Van der Veken
- Trichoscypha yapoensis Aubrév. & Pellegr.