Origin
Ascyrum hypericoides L. var. oblongifolium (Spach) Fern. is a flowering plant that belongs to the St. John's Wort family (Hypericaceae). It is native to the eastern United States, including parts of the Southeast, Midwest, and Northeast regions.
Common Names
The plant is commonly known as oblongleaf St. John's Wort due to its elongated, oblong-shaped leaves. Other common names include pinweed, long-styled St. John's Wort, and southern St. John's Wort.
Uses
Ascyrum hypericoides L. var. oblongifolium has several medicinal uses. The plant is rich in hypericin, a compound used in the treatment of depression and anxiety. It is also used as a mild sedative and nerve tonic. The leaves and stems of the plant have been used to make a tea that can be applied topically to the skin to treat burns, wounds, and insect bites.
General Appearance
Ascyrum hypericoides L. var. oblongifolium can grow up to two feet tall. The leaves are oblong and can grow up to three inches long. The plant produces yellow flowers that bloom from June to August. The flowers have five petals and are arranged in clusters at the top of the stems. The stems of the plant are square-shaped and can have a reddish tint. The plant prefers to grow in sandy soil and can be found in open fields, along roadside ditches, and in wooded areas.
Light Requirements
Ascyrum hypericoides L. var. oblongifolium (Spach) Fern. thrives in full sun to partial shade environments. This plant requires a good amount of light to properly grow and develop. However, direct sunlight and high temperatures can cause damage to this plant, so partial shade is preferable in hotter regions.
Temperature Requirements
This plant can survive in a variety of temperature ranges, but it prefers a mild to warm climate. The optimal temperature range is between 60 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit, but it can still survive in temperatures as low as 20 degrees Fahrenheit.
Soil Requirements
Ascyrum hypericoides L. var. oblongifolium (Spach) Fern. requires soil that is moist and well-drained. It can tolerate soils that are slightly acidic to slightly basic (pH 5.5-7). This plant typically grows in sandy or loamy soils, but it can also grow in clay soils if they are well-draining. Fertilizer is not necessary, but it can be used occasionally to promote growth.
Cultivation
Ascyrum hypericoides L. var. oblongifolium (Spach) Fern. commonly referred to as Longleaf St. John’s Wort is a perennial plant that grows best in well-drained soils. It thrives in a full sun or partial shade environment and is drought tolerant.
Plant the seeds in well-prepared soil about 1/4 inch deep, and ensure a spacing of about 18-24 inches between each plant. Cover the seeds with soil and water thoroughly. Germination should take place within 4-8 weeks. At this stage, it is important to thin the seedlings, leaving only the strongest and healthiest to grow to maturity.
Watering Needs
Longleaf St. John’s Wort is a drought-tolerant plant, meaning it does not require frequent watering. It is important to allow the soil to dry out in between watering, as too much water can lead to root rot and other fungal diseases.
Water the plant deeply once a week, but reduce watering during rainy periods. In extremely hot weather or drought, give the plant a little extra water, but avoid spraying water on the foliage as this can encourage fungal growth and other diseases.
Fertilization
Longleaf St. John’s Wort does not require excessive fertilization, but to encourage growth and blooming, it is advisable to feed the plant twice a year. Once in early spring and then again in late summer or early fall.
Use a balanced slow-release fertilizer, with an N-P-K ratio of around 10-10-10. Apply the fertilizer to the soil around the plant's base, and water thoroughly. Avoid over-fertilizing the plant, as this can lead to excessive foliage growth and fewer blooms.
Pruning
Longleaf St. John’s Wort requires minimum pruning, but occasional maintenance is necessary to help keep the plant healthy and bushy. Prune the plant in early spring before new growth appears. Remove any dead, diseased, or damaged stems. Cut back any overgrown stems by about one-third of their length.
During the flowering period, you can deadhead or remove any spent blooms to encourage the plant to produce more flowers. Be careful not to cut back the foliage too much as this can reduce the overall vigour of the plant and reduce its ability to bloom the following year.
Propagation of Ascyrum hypericoides L. var. oblongifolium (Spach) Fern.
Ascyrum hypericoides L. var. oblongifolium (Spach) Fern., commonly known as Oblong-leaved St. John's-wort, is a woody perennial plant that belongs to the Hypericaceae family.
This plant is typically propagated using the following methods:
Seed Propagation
Oblong-leaved St. John's-wort can be propagated from seeds that are collected in late summer or early fall.
The seeds should be sown in a well-draining seed starting mix, covered with a thin layer of sand, and kept moist. They can be germinated indoors, under grow lights or in a greenhouse, at a temperature of 18-24°C (65-75°F).
Once the seedlings have a few sets of true leaves, they can be transplanted into larger containers or planted directly into the ground.
Cuttings Propagation
This plant can also be propagated by taking stem cuttings in the early summer.
The cuttings should be 8-12 cm (3-5 inches) long and taken from the current year's growth. Remove the lower leaves and dip the cut end of the stem in rooting hormone before planting it in a well-draining rooting mix.
The cuttings should be kept moist and warm, with a temperature of around 21-24°C (70-75°F). They usually root within 4-6 weeks and can be transplanted into larger containers or planted directly into the ground.
Division Propagation
Oblong-leaved St. John's-wort can be divided in the spring or fall as a method of propagation.
The plant should be dug up and the root ball separated into sections, making sure each section has roots and shoots. The sections can be replanted in new locations or in containers filled with a well-draining soil mix.
With proper care and attention, propagation of Ascyrum hypericoides L. var. oblongifolium (Spach) Fern. using these methods can result in successful growth and cultivation of this woody perennial plant.
Disease and Pest Management for Ascyrum Hypericoides L. Var. Oblongifolium (Spach) Fern.
Ascyrum hypericoides L. var. oblongifolium (Spach) Fern. is a hardy plant that can withstand a variety of conditions. However, like all plants, it is susceptible to certain diseases and pests. Here are some common issues and ways to manage them:
Diseases
Leaf Spot: This fungal infection causes brown or black spots on the leaves. The disease can spread quickly, especially in wet conditions. To manage this disease, remove infected leaves and dispose of them properly. Avoid overhead watering and make sure there is good air circulation around the plant.
Root Rot: This disease is caused by soil-dwelling fungi that attack the plant's roots. Overwatering and poorly drained soil can contribute to this problem. To manage root rot, make sure the plant is not sitting in standing water and provide well-drained soil. If the plant is severely infected, it may need to be removed.
Pests
Aphids: These small insects can be found on the undersides of leaves and cause damage by sucking sap from the plant. To manage an aphid infestation, use a strong stream of water to knock them off the plant. Alternatively, you can use insecticidal soap or neem oil to control their population.
Spider Mites: These tiny pests are difficult to see but can cause severe damage to the plant by sucking sap from the leaves. Infested leaves may appear yellow or speckled. To manage spider mites, try using insecticidal soap or a solution of alcohol and water. Make sure to spray both the tops and undersides of leaves.
Caterpillars: These larvae can eat through large portions of the plant and cause significant damage. They can often be seen on the underside of leaves. To manage a caterpillar infestation, pick off any visible larvae and dispose of them. You can also use an organic pesticide such as Bacillus thuringiensis.
By following these management techniques, you can help ensure the health and vitality of your Ascyrum hypericoides L. var. oblongifolium (Spach) Fern. plant.
