Overview of the Plant Family Thymelaeaceae
The plant family Thymelaeaceae, commonly known as the Mezereum family, consists of approximately 900 species of trees, shrubs, and prostrate plants. This family is found mostly in the tropics and subtropics, with a few species present in temperate regions of the world.
Taxonomic Details
The Thymelaeaceae family belongs to the order Malvales, which is a member of the subclass Rosidae, and the class Magnoliopsida. The family is divided into 47 genera, of which Gnidia is the largest, with over 200 species. The family is named after the genus Thymelaea, which contains several species of shrubs found in Europe, Africa, and Asia.
Unique Characteristics
One unique characteristic of the Thymelaeaceae family is the presence of iridoids and daphnane-type diterpenes in several genera. These compounds have been found to have antitumor, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Some species of the family are also known to produce latex.
The flowers of the Thymelaeaceae family are often small and inconspicuous, with no petals, but with brightly colored sepals. They are pollinated by insects and sometimes by birds. The fruits of the family are typically capsules, drupes, or nuts, which contain one or several seeds.
Several plants of the Thymelaeaceae family are used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments, including fever, wounds, and dysentery. However, some species of the family are toxic and can cause severe skin irritation.
Distribution of Thymelaeaceae Family
The Thymelaeaceae family is widely distributed across the world, with most of its members found in regions with a Mediterranean climate. The family is native to many parts of Africa, Asia, Europe, and Australia. Thymelaeaceae is a relatively small family with about 50 genera and 900 species.
The family is widely distributed in southern Africa, including South Africa, Namibia, and Botswana. It is also common in Asia, with some species being found in regions such as China, India, and Indonesia. European countries such as Spain, Italy, and Greece also have several species of Thymelaeaceae.
Habitats of Thymelaeaceae Family
The plants from the Thymelaeaceae family can be found growing in a variety of habitats, including woodlands, dry forests, and scrublands. Most species of Thymelaeaceae are well adapted to dry and arid regions. Others, such as Daphne, grow in moist conditions and are found in wetlands.
The Thymelaeaceae family is also well represented in deserts, including the Sahara in North Africa and the Australian Outback. Some species, such as Daphne, grow in the understory of forests, while others, such as Wikstroemia, can be found in high mountain regions.
Ecological Preferences or Adaptations of Thymelaeaceae Family
Thymelaeaceae family members have evolved different adaptations to cope with their respective habitats. For instance, some species have developed a deep root system to access water from deep underground, while others have tough, waxy leaves to reduce water loss through transpiration.
Some members of the Thymelaeaceae family have also developed chemical defenses to deter herbivores and pathogens. For example, most species of Daphne are toxic to grazing animals, with some containing harmful substances such as daphnetoxin and mezerein. Some species of Wikstroemia have also been shown to produce antimicrobial compounds, which help protect them from disease-causing organisms.
Morphology and Structure of Thymelaeaceae Plants
The Thymelaeaceae family is a diverse group of woody plants often characterized by their often deciduous leaves and showy flowers. The plants in this family take on many different forms from sprawling shrubs, dwarf trees, and even vines, all maintaining similar characteristics.
Their bark is usually smooth and grey, with lenticels present in some species. They have a well-developed root system consisting of taproots and some lateral roots. Thymelaeaceae plants can be evergreen or deciduous, with simple leaves that are arranged alternately on the stem, spiral on the stem, or whorled.
The Thymelaeaceae family's flowers are complex and often brightly colored, occurring in clusters or singly. The floral structure usually consists of a cup-shaped calyx and a corolla with petals fused together to form a tube. Glands, scales, or hairs are present on the petal surface. There are two types of stamens, with some species having staminodes. The ovary is usually superior and consists of one to three carpels, with a single style and stigma.
Anatomical Features and Adaptations
Thymelaeaceae plants have developed several anatomical features and adaptations to survive in their environment. One of the prominent features is their ability to tolerate severe weather conditions such as droughts, high temperatures, or low soil nutrients. They have adapted to survive in different soil conditions from dry and rocky to loamy or sandy soils.
Their root system is an adaptation that enables them to cope with harsh conditions. The roots can reach deep into the soil to absorb water and other nutrients, helping them thrive when other plants do not. The leaves also have adaptations such as thick leaf cuticles, which minimize water loss through transpiration.
Leaf Shapes and Flower Structures
Thymelaeaceae plants exhibit variations in leaf shapes, flower structures, or other distinctive characteristics. For instance, some of the plants in this family have linear leaves forming narrow, elongated leaves, while others have broad, triangular, or ovate leaves. Dirkamomum, a genus found in Asia, has leaves that are broader at the base and narrow at the tip, with a noticeable oil gland near the midrib. Some species from the genus Daphne have variegated leaves.
The flowers in Thymelaeaceae vary in the shape, size, color, and arrangement of their floral parts. In the genus Eriosolena, the flowers are reddish-purple or purple with a scaly epicalyx. In Daphne, the floral colors range from pale pink, deep pink, purple to white. Stellera chamaejasme has a unique flower structure that emerges from the leaf axil and contains two bracteoles at the base of the flower.
In conclusion, Thymelaeaceae plants have developed adaptations and anatomical features that enable them to thrive in harsh environments. Their leaves come in different shapes, and their flowers exhibit a variety of structures and colors.
Reproductive Strategies in the Thymelaeaceae Family
The Thymelaeaceae family is composed of around 50 genera and 900 species of trees, shrubs and herbs, distributed mainly in temperate regions of the world. These plants have developed a wide range of reproductive strategies, which ensure their survival in diverse environments and ecological niches.
Mechanisms of Reproduction
The plants in the Thymelaeaceae family can reproduce sexually or asexually. Sexual reproduction occurs through flowers, while asexual reproduction can occur through vegetative propagation.
Some plants in this family exhibit unique reproductive mechanisms, such as cleistogamy, which is the production of small, self-fertilizing flowers that remain closed within the buds, ensuring successful reproduction even in adverse conditions.
Flowering Patterns and Pollination Strategies
Most species in the Thymelaeaceae family produce small, inconspicuous flowers that lack petals, but are adorned with brightly colored sepals or bracts that attract pollinators. The flowers are usually perfect, with both male and female reproductive organs, and arranged in clusters or inflorescences.
Insects are the main pollinators of Thymelaeaceae plants, particularly bees, flies, and butterflies. The plants use a variety of tactics to attract pollinators, including the production of sweet nectar, strong fragrances, and bright colors.
Seed Dispersal Methods and Adaptations
Seed dispersal in Thymelaeaceae plants can occur through various mechanisms, including wind, water, and animal agents such as birds or mammals. Some seeds have developed specialized adaptations to facilitate dispersal, such as wings, hooks, or fleshy fruits that attract birds or other animals.
The seeds of some species also have unique properties that enable them to survive in harsh environments, such as the ability to remain dormant for years and germinate only when conditions are favorable.
Economic Importance of Thymelaeaceae Family
The Thymelaeaceae family comprises many economically important species due to their medicinal, culinary, and industrial uses. Some members of this family have a high medicinal value due to their bioactive compounds. For instance, the bark of Daphne mezereum contains mezerein, an active ingredient used to produce analgesics. Also, species of this family such as Dirca palustris are used to produce cider.
The family has other industrial uses as well. Some species like Daphne odora, are cultivated for their sweet fragrance, and the extracted essential oils are used in perfumes, soaps, and candles. Daphne gnidium is used to produce quality hardwood, and other species like Wikstroemia chamaedaphne and Thymelaea hirsuta are good sources of fiber for weaving baskets. Additionally, some species of the Thymelaeaceae family are traditionally used in food preparations such as flavoring agents.
Ecological Importance of Thymelaeaceae Family
The Thymelaeaceae family occupies a significant ecological niche within ecosystems. The plants help to maintain soil stability by conserving water and stabilizing soils. They also contribute to the biodiversity of their habitats by supporting pollinators. For instance, Daphne mezereum is an important food source for bees. Furthermore, members of this family are known to have allelopathic effects, which are thought to affect the species diversity of the vegetation in the forested regions where they grow.
Conservation and Future of Thymelaeaceae Family
While species in the Thymelaeaceae family have significant contributions to human and ecological well-being, many are threatened due to habitat destruction and overharvesting. A few members of the family are considered critically endangered, such as Daphne rodriguezii, endemic to the Canary Islands. The global conservation outlook for this family is that of increasing concern due to habitat loss and overexploitation. Fortunately, several conservation and scientific organizations are working to protect and restore critical habitats for threatened species in this family.
For instance, the Global Trees Campaign, with the collaboration of partners around the world, is working to increase public awareness, prevent illegal trade, and support research and conservation measures for globally significant tree species, including those in the Thymelaeaceae family. In general, more awareness and conservation measures are needed, as many species of this family are under-reported and understudied with potential lost of valuable information to future researchers.
Featured plants from the Thymelaeaceae family
More plants from the Thymelaeaceae family
- Arthrosolen calocephalus C.A.Mey.
- Arthrosolen chrysanthus Solms var. ignea (Gilg) H.Pearson
- Arthrosolen compactus C.H.Wright
- Arthrosolen foliosus H.Pearson
- Arthrosolen fraternus N.E.Br.
- Arthrosolen gymnostachys C.A.Mey.
- Arthrosolen inconspicuus Meisn.
- Arthrosolen laxa (L.f.) C.A.Mey.
- Arthrosolen microcephalus (Meisn.) E.Phillips
- Arthrosolen ornatus Meisn.
- Arthrosolen phaeotrichus C.H.Wright
- Arthrosolen polycephalus C.A.Mey.
- Arthrosolen sericocephalus Meisn.
- Arthrosolen sphaerantha H.Pearson
- Arthrosolen spicatus C.A.Mey.
- Arthrosolen variabilis C.H.Wright
- Basutica aberrans (C.H.Wright) E.Phillips
- Basutica propinqua Hilliard
- Chymococca empetroides Meisn.
- Craterosiphon beniense Domke
- Craterosiphon devredii A.Robyns
- Craterosiphon louisii R.Wilczek ex A.Robyns
- Craterosiphon micranthum A.Robyns
- Craterosiphon montanum Domke
- Craterosiphon pseudoscandens Domke
- Craterosiphon quarrei Staner
- Craterosiphon scandens Engl. & Gilg
- Craterosiphon schmitzii A.Robyns
- Cryptadenia breviflora Meisn.
- Cryptadenia filicaulis Meisn.
- Cryptadenia grandiflora (L.f.) Meisn. var. grandiflora
- Cryptadenia grandiflora (L.f.) Meisn. var. latifolia Meisn.
- Cryptadenia laxa C.H.Wright
- Cryptadenia uniflora (L.) Meisn.
- Dais cotinifolia L.
- Daphne bholua
- Daphne genkwa - Lilac Daphne
- Daphne gnidium - Flax-leaved Daphne
- Daphne involucrata
- Daphne laureola - Spurge Laurel
- Daphne laureola L. - Spurgelaurel
- Daphne mezereum - Mezereon
- Daphne mezereum L. - Paradise Plant
- Daphne oleoides
- Daphne papyracea
- Daphne pseudomezereum
- Daphnopsis americana (P. Mill.) J.R. Johnston - Burn Nose
- Daphnopsis americana (P. Mill.) J.R. Johnston ssp. caribaea (Griseb.) Nevl. - Caribbean Burn Nose
- Daphnopsis caribaea Griseb. - >>daphnopsis Americana Ssp. Caribaea
- Daphnopsis helleriana Urban - Heller's Cieneguillo
- Daphnopsis Mart. - Daphnopsis
- Daphnopsis philippiana Krug & Urban - Emajagua De Sierra
- Dicranolepis adiantoides Gilg
- Dicranolepis angolensis S.Moore
- Dicranolepis baertsiana De Wild. & T.Durand subsp. baertsiana
- Dicranolepis baertsiana De Wild. & T.Durand subsp. fulva A.Robyns
- Dicranolepis brixhei De Wild.
- Dicranolepis buchholzii Engl. & Gilg
- Dicranolepis disticha Planch.
- Dicranolepis glandulosa H.Pearson
- Dicranolepis grandiflora Engl.
- Dicranolepis incisa A.Robyns
- Dicranolepis laciniata Gilg
- Dicranolepis mannii Baill.
- Dicranolepis montana Gilg
- Dicranolepis oligantha Gilg
- Dicranolepis persei Cumm.
- Dicranolepis polygaloides Gilg ex H.Pearson
- Dicranolepis pubescens H.Pearson
- Dicranolepis pulcherrima Gilg
- Dicranolepis pusilla Aymonin
- Dicranolepis pyramidalis Gilg
- Dicranolepis soyauxii Engl.
- Dicranolepis usambarica Gilg
- Dicranolepis vestita Engl.
- Dirca occidentalis - Leather Wood
- Dirca occidentalis Gray - Western Leatherwood
- Dirca palustris - Leather Wood
- Dirca palustris L. - Eastern Leatherwood
- Edgeworthia chrysantha
- Edgeworthia chrysantha Lindl. - >>edgeworthia Papyrifera
- Edgeworthia gardneri
- Edgeworthia papyrifera - Paperbush
- Edgeworthia papyrifera Sieb. & Zucc. - Oriental Paperbush
- Edgeworthia tomentosa Nakai - >>edgeworthia Papyrifera
- Englerodaphne leiosiphon Gilg
- Englerodaphne ovalifolia (Meisn.) E.Phillips
- Englerodaphne pilosa Burtt Davy
- Englerodaphne subcordata (Meisn.) Engl.
- Gnidia aberrans C.H.Wright
- Gnidia albicans Meisn. var. tenella Meisn.
- Gnidia albosericea Moss ex B.Peterson
- Gnidia anomala Meisn.
- Gnidia anthylloides (L.f.) Gilg
- Gnidia anthylloides (L.f.) Gilg var. macrophylla (Meisn.) M.Moss
- Gnidia apiculata (Oliv.) Gilg
- Gnidia apiculata (Oliv.) Gilg forma apiculata
- Gnidia apiculata (Oliv.) Gilg forma pyramidalis Aymonin
- Gnidia bambutana Gilg & Ledermann ex Engl.
- Gnidia baurii C.H.Wright
- Gnidia buchananii Gilg
- Gnidia burchellii (Meisn.) Gilg
- Gnidia burmannii Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Meisn.
- Gnidia caffra (Meisn.) Gilg
- Gnidia calocephala (C.A.Mey.) Gilg
- Gnidia caniflora Meisn.
- Gnidia canoargentea (C.H.Wright) Gilg
- Gnidia capitata L.f.
- Gnidia cayleyi C.H.Wright
- Gnidia chapmanii B.Peterson
- Gnidia chrysantha (Solms) Gilg
- Gnidia chrysophylla Meisn.
- Gnidia claessensii Staner
- Gnidia clavata Schinz
- Gnidia compacta (C.H.Wright) J.H.Ross
- Gnidia conspicua Meisn.
- Gnidia coriacea Meisn.
- Gnidia cuneata Meisn.
- Gnidia decurrens Meisn.
- Gnidia dekindtiana Gilg
- Gnidia denudata Lindl.
- Gnidia deserticola Gilg
- Gnidia dregeana Meisn.
- Gnidia eminii Engl. & Gilg
- Gnidia ericoides C.H.Wright
- Gnidia fastigiata Rendle
- Gnidia flanaganii C.H.Wright
- Gnidia foliosa (H.Pearson) A.Chev.
- Gnidia fourcadei Moss
- Gnidia francisci Bolus
- Gnidia fraterna (N.E.Br.) E.Phillips
- Gnidia fruticulosa Gilg
- Gnidia fulgens Hiern
- Gnidia galpinii C.H.Wright
- Gnidia geminiflora E.Mey. ex Meisn.
- Gnidia genistifolia Engl. & Gilg
- Gnidia glabra (H.Pearson) Gastaldo
- Gnidia glauca (Fresen.) Gilg
- Gnidia goetzeana Gilg
- Gnidia grandifolia (Gilli) Gilli
- Gnidia gymnostachya (C.A.Mey.) Gilg
- Gnidia harveyiana Meisn.
- Gnidia heterophylla Gilg
- Gnidia hockii De Wild.
- Gnidia hoepfneriana Gilg
- Gnidia huillensis Gilg
- Gnidia humilis Meisn.
- Gnidia imbricata L.f.
- Gnidia inconspicua Meisn.
- Gnidia insignis Compton
- Gnidia involucrata Steud. ex A.Rich.
- Gnidia juniperifolia Lam.
- Gnidia kasaiensis S.Moore
- Gnidia kraussiana Meisn. var. kraussiana
- Gnidia kraussiana Meisn. var. mollissima (E.A.Bruce) A.Robyns
- Gnidia kundelungensis S.Moore
- Gnidia lamprantha Gilg
- Gnidia latifolia (Oliv.) Gilg
- Gnidia laxa (L.f.) Gilg
- Gnidia leiantha Gilg
- Gnidia leipoldtii C.H.Wright
- Gnidia linearifolia (Wikstr.) B.Peterson
- Gnidia linoides Wikstr.
- Gnidia lucens Lam.
- Gnidia macropetala Meisn.
- Gnidia macrorrhiza Gilg
- Gnidia meyeri Meisn.
- Gnidia microcephala Meisn.
- Gnidia microphylla Meisn.
- Gnidia miniata R.E.Fr.
- Gnidia mollis C.H.Wright
- Gnidia montana H.Pearson
- Gnidia myrtifolia C.H.Wright
- Gnidia nana (L.f.) Wikstr.
- Gnidia newtonii Gilg
- Gnidia nitida Bolus
- Gnidia nodiflora Meisn.
- Gnidia nutans H.Pearson
- Gnidia obtusissima Meisn.
- Gnidia oliveriana Engl. & Gilg
- Gnidia oppositifolia L.
- Gnidia orbiculata C.H.Wright
- Gnidia ornata (Meisn.) Gilg
- Gnidia pallida Meisn.
- Gnidia parviflora Meisn.
- Gnidia parvula Wolley-Dod
- Gnidia pedunculata Beyers
- Gnidia penicillata Licht. ex Meisn.
- Gnidia phaeotricha Gilg
- Gnidia pinifolia L.
- Gnidia pleurocephala Gilg
- Gnidia poggei Gilg
- Gnidia polyantha Gilg
- Gnidia polycephala (C.A.Mey.) Gilg
- Gnidia polystachya P.J.Bergius var. congesta C.H.Wright
- Gnidia polystachya P.J.Bergius var. polystachya
- Gnidia propinqua (Hilliard) B.Peterson
- Gnidia pulchella Meisn.
- Gnidia pulvinata Bolus
- Gnidia quadrifaria C.H.Wright
- Gnidia quarrei A.Robyns
- Gnidia racemosa Thunb.
- Gnidia ratangensis Gilg & Dewèvre
- Gnidia renniana Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
- Gnidia rivae Gilg
- Gnidia robusta B.Peterson
- Gnidia robynsiana Lisowski
- Gnidia rubescens B.Peterson
- Gnidia rubrocincta Gilg
- Gnidia scabra Thunb.
- Gnidia scabrida Meisn.
- Gnidia schweinfurthii Gilg
- Gnidia sericea L. var. hirsuta Meisn.
- Gnidia sericea L. var. sericea
- Gnidia sericocephala (Meisn.) Gilg ex Engl.
- Gnidia setosa Wikstr.
- Gnidia similis C.H.Wright
- Gnidia simplex L.
- Gnidia singularis Hilliard
- Gnidia somalensis (Franch.) Gilg var. glabra (H.Pearson) Cufod.
- Gnidia somalensis (Franch.) Gilg var. somalensis
- Gnidia somalensis (Franch.) Gilg var. sphaerocephala (Baker) Gastaldo
- Gnidia sonderiana Meisn.
- Gnidia sparsiflora Bartl. ex Meisn.
- Gnidia spicata (L.f.) Gilg
- Gnidia splendens Meisn.
- Gnidia squarrosa (L.) Druce
- Gnidia stellatifolia Gand.
- Gnidia stenophylla Gilg
- Gnidia stenophylloides Gilg
- Gnidia strigillosa Meisn.
- Gnidia styphelioides Meisn.
- Gnidia suavissima Dinter
- Gnidia subcordata Meisn.
- Gnidia subulata Lam.
- Gnidia tenella Meisn.
- Gnidia thesioides Meisn. var. condensata Meisn.
- Gnidia thesioides Meisn. var. laxa Meisn.
- Gnidia thesioides Meisn. var. thesioides
- Gnidia thomsonii H.Pearson
- Gnidia tomentosa L.
- Gnidia triplinervis Meisn.
- Gnidia urundiensis Gilg
- Gnidia usafuae Gilg
- Gnidia variabilis (C.H.Wright) E.Phillips
- Gnidia variegata Gand.
- Gnidia vesiculosa Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Drège
- Gnidia welwitschii Hiern
- Gnidia wikstroemiana Meisn.
- Gnidia wilmsii (C.H.Wright) Engl.
- Gnidia woodii C.H.Wright
- Lachnaea alpina (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Meisn.
- Lachnaea ambigua Meisn. var. ambigua
- Lachnaea ambigua Meisn. var. minor Meisn.
- Lachnaea aurea (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Meisn.
- Lachnaea axillaris Meisn.
- Lachnaea burchellii Meisn.
- Lachnaea burchellii Meisn. var. latifolia Meisn.
- Lachnaea buxifolia Lam.
- Lachnaea capitata (L.) Crantz
- Lachnaea densiflora Meisn.
- Lachnaea diosmoides Meisn.
- Lachnaea diosmoides Meisn. var. tenella Meisn.
- Lachnaea dubia Gand.
- Lachnaea elegans Compton
- Lachnaea elsieae Beyers
- Lachnaea ericoides Meisn.
- Lachnaea eriocephala L.
- Lachnaea filamentosa Meisn.
- Lachnaea filamentosa Meisn. var. major Meisn.
- Lachnaea filicaulis (Meisn.) Beyers
- Lachnaea funicaulis Schinz
- Lachnaea globulifera Meisn. subsp. globulifera
- Lachnaea globulifera Meisn. subsp. incana Beyers
- Lachnaea globulifera Meisn. var. coerulescens Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Meisn.
- Lachnaea glomerata Fourc.
- Lachnaea gracilis Meisn.
- Lachnaea grandiflora (L.f.) Baill.
- Lachnaea greytonensis Beyers
- Lachnaea laniflora (C.H.Wright) Bond
- Lachnaea laxa (C.H.Wright) Beyers
- Lachnaea leipoldtii Beyers
- Lachnaea macrantha Meisn.
- Lachnaea marlothii Schltr.
- Lachnaea micrantha Schltr.
- Lachnaea montana Beyers
- Lachnaea naviculifolia Compton
- Lachnaea nervosa (Thunb.) Meisn.
- Lachnaea oliverorum Beyers
- Lachnaea passerinoides N.E.Br.
- Lachnaea pedicellata Beyers
- Lachnaea pendula Beyers
- Lachnaea penicillata Meisn.
- Lachnaea pomposa Beyers
- Lachnaea pudens Beyers
- Lachnaea purpurea Andrews
- Lachnaea pusilla Beyers
- Lachnaea rupestris Beyers
- Lachnaea ruscifolia Compton
- Lachnaea sociorum Beyers
- Lachnaea stokoei Beyers
- Lachnaea striata (Poir.) Meisn.
- Lachnaea uniflora (L.) Crantz
- Lachnaea villosa Beyers
- Lagetta A. L. Juss. - Lagetta
- Lagetta lagetto (Sw.) Nash - Lacebark
- Lagetta lintearia Lam. - >>lagetta Lagetto
- Lasiosiphon anthylloides Meisn.
- Lasiosiphon burchellii Meisn.
- Lasiosiphon burchellii Meisn. var. angustifolius C.H.Wright
- Lasiosiphon burchellii Meisn. var. glabrifolius Meisn.
- Lasiosiphon caffer Meisn.
- Lasiosiphon canoargenteus C.H.Wright
- Lasiosiphon capitatus (L.f.) Burtt Davy
- Lasiosiphon deserticola C.H.Wright
- Lasiosiphon dregeanus Endl.
- Lasiosiphon glaucus Fresen.
- Lasiosiphon grandifolius Gilli
- Lasiosiphon hoepfnerianus Vatke ex Gilg
- Lasiosiphon kraussianus (Meisn.) Burtt Davy
- Lasiosiphon kraussianus (Meisn.) Burtt Davy var. villosus Burtt Davy
- Lasiosiphon kraussii Meisn.
- Lasiosiphon lampranthus (Gilg) H.Pearson
- Lasiosiphon latifolius (Oliv.) Brenan
- Lasiosiphon latifolius (Oliv.) Gilli
- Lasiosiphon linifolius Decne.
- Lasiosiphon macropetalus Meisn.
- Lasiosiphon meisnerianus Endl.
- Lasiosiphon microphyllus Meisn.
- Lasiosiphon mollissimus E.A.Bruce
- Lasiosiphon mossii Burtt Davy
- Lasiosiphon nanus Burtt Davy
- Lasiosiphon oliveri Vatke
- Lasiosiphon ornatus Burtt Davy
- Lasiosiphon polyanthus Gilg
- Lasiosiphon pulchellus Decne.
- Lasiosiphon somalensis H.Pearson var. glabrus H.Pearson
- Lasiosiphon splendens Endl.
- Lasiosiphon triplinervis Meisn.
- Lasiosiphon wilmsii C.H.Wright
- Octolepis casearia Oliv.
- Octolepis decalepis Gilg
- Passerina annua Wikstr. - >>thymelaea Passerina
- Passerina burchellii Thoday
- Passerina comosa (Meisn.) C.H.Wright
- Passerina corymbosa Eckl. ex C.H.Wright
- Passerina drakensbergensis Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
- Passerina ericoides L.
- Passerina eriocephala Thunb.
- Passerina esterhuyseniae C.L.Bredenkamp & A.E.van Wyk
- Passerina falcifolia (Meisn.) C.H.Wright
- Passerina filiformis L.
- Passerina filiformis L. subsp. filiformis
- Passerina filiformis L. subsp. glutinosa (Thoday) C.L.Bredenkamp & A.E.van Wyk
- Passerina filiformis L. var. comosa Meisn.
- Passerina filiformis L. var. falcifolia Meisn.
- Passerina filiformis L. var. glutinosa Thoday
- Passerina filiformis L. var. squarrosa Meisn.
- Passerina filiformis L. var. vulgaris Meisn.
- Passerina galpinii C.H.Wright
- Passerina glomerata Thunb.
- Passerina grandiflora L.f.
- Passerina montana Thoday
- Passerina montivaga C.L.Bredenkamp & A.E.van Wyk
- Passerina montivagus C.L.Bredenkamp & A.E.van Wyk
- Passerina nivicola C.L.Bredenkamp & A.E.van Wyk
- Passerina obtusifolia Thoday
- Passerina paleacea Wikstr.
- Passerina paludosa Thoday
- Passerina pendula Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Thoday
- Passerina quadrifaria C.L.Bredenkamp & A.E.van Wyk
- Passerina rigida Wikstr.
- Passerina rigida Wikstr. var. comosa Meisn.
- Passerina rigida Wikstr. var. tetragona Meisn.
- Passerina rigida Wikstr. var. truncata Meisn.
- Passerina rubra C.H.Wright
- Passerina truncata (Meisn.) C.L.Bredenkamp & A.E.van Wyk subsp. monticola C.L.Bredenkamp & A.E.van Wyk
- Passerina truncata (Meisn.) C.L.Bredenkamp & A.E.van Wyk subsp. truncata
- Passerina uniflora L.f.
- Passerina vulgaris (Meisn.) Thoday
- Peddiea africana Harv.
- Peddiea africana Harv. var. schliebenii Domke
- Peddiea arborescens A.Robyns
- Peddiea fischeri Engl.
- Peddiea kaniamensis A.Robyns
- Peddiea kivuensis A.Robyns
- Peddiea lanceolata Domke
- Peddiea montana Domke
- Peddiea orophila A.Robyns
- Peddiea parviflora Hook.f.
- Peddiea polyantha Gilg
- Peddiea puberula Domke
- Peddiea rapaneoides Gilg
- Peddiea subcordata Domke
- Peddiea thomensis Exell
- Peddiea thulinii Temu
- Peddiea volkensii Gilg
- Pimelea arenaria
- Pimelea axiflora
- Pimelea ligustrina
- Pimelea microcephala - Mallee Riceflower
- Pimelea pauciflora - Poison Pimelea
- Pimelea prostrata
- Pseudognidia anomala (Meisn.) E.Phillips
- Stellera chamaejasme
- Struthiola albersii H.Pearson
- Struthiola amabilis Gilg
- Struthiola angustifolia Lam.
- Struthiola angustiloba B.Peterson & Hilliard
- Struthiola anomala Hilliard
- Struthiola argentea Lehm.
- Struthiola bachmanniana Gilg
- Struthiola cicatricosa C.H.Wright
- Struthiola ciliata (L.) Lam.
- Struthiola concava S.Moore
- Struthiola confusa C.H.Wright
- Struthiola congesta C.H.Wright
- Struthiola dodecandra (L.) Druce
- Struthiola eckloniana Meisn.
- Struthiola epacridioides C.H.Wright
- Struthiola erecta Lam.
- Struthiola ericina Gilg
- Struthiola ericoides C.H.Wright
- Struthiola fasciata C.H.Wright
- Struthiola flavescens Gilg ex C.H.Wright
- Struthiola floribunda C.H.Wright
- Struthiola fourcadei Compton
- Struthiola galpinii C.H.Wright
- Struthiola garciana C.H.Wright
- Struthiola gilgiana H.Pearson
- Struthiola hirsuta Wikstr.
- Struthiola kilimandscharica Gilg
- Struthiola leiosiphon Gilg ex C.H.Wright
- Struthiola leptantha Bolus
- Struthiola lineariloba Meisn.
- Struthiola longiflora Lam.
- Struthiola longifolia C.H.Wright
- Struthiola lucens Lam.
- Struthiola macowanii C.H.Wright
- Struthiola martiana Meisn.
- Struthiola montana B.Peterson
- Struthiola mundii Eckl. ex Meisn.
- Struthiola myrsinites Lam.
- Struthiola ovata Thunb.
- Struthiola parviflora Bartl. ex Meisn.
- Struthiola pentheri S.Moore
- Struthiola pillansii Hutch.
- Struthiola pondoensis Gilg ex C.H.Wright
- Struthiola ramosa C.H.Wright
- Struthiola recta C.H.Wright
- Struthiola rhodesiana B.Peterson
- Struthiola rigida Meisn.
- Struthiola rustiana Gilg
- Struthiola salteri Levyns
- Struthiola scaettae Staner
- Struthiola schlechteri Gilg ex C.H.Wright
- Struthiola striata Lam.
- Struthiola stuhlmannii Gilg
- Struthiola tetralepis Schltr. var. glabricaulis Schltr.
- Struthiola tetralepis Schltr. var. tetralepis
- Struthiola thomsonii Oliv.
- Struthiola tomentosa Andrews
- Struthiola tuberculosa Lam.
- Struthiola usambarensis Engl.
- Struthiola virgata L.
- Struthiola volkensii H.Winkl.
- Struthiolopsis bolusii E.Phillips
- Struthiolopsis pulvinata (Bolus) E.Phillips
- Synandrodaphne paradoxa Gilg
- Synaptolepis alternifolia Oliv.
- Synaptolepis angolensis Domke ex Nolde
- Synaptolepis kirkii Oliv.
- Synaptolepis macrocarpa Gilg
- Synaptolepis oliveriana Gilg
- Synaptolepis pachyphylla Gilg
- Synaptolepis retusa H.Pearson
- Thymelaea antiatlantica Maire
- Thymelaea P. Mill. - Thymelaea
- Wikstroemia basicordata Skottsberg - >>wikstroemia Oahuensis Var. Oahuensis
- Wikstroemia bicornuta Hbd. - Alpine False Ohelo
- Wikstroemia bicornuta Hbd. ssp. montis-eke Skottsberg - >>wikstroemia Bicornuta
- Wikstroemia caumii Skottsberg - >>wikstroemia Villosa
- Wikstroemia degeneri Skottsberg - >>wikstroemia Oahuensis Var. Oahuensis
- Wikstroemia elongata Gray - >>wikstroemia Oahuensis Var. Oahuensis
- Wikstroemia Endl. - False Ohelo
- Wikstroemia eugenioides Skottsberg - >>wikstroemia Oahuensis Var. Oahuensis
- Wikstroemia forbesii Skottsberg - Molokai False Ohelo
- Wikstroemia furcata (Hbd.) Rock - Forest False Ohelo
- Wikstroemia haleakalensis Skottsberg - >>wikstroemia Oahuensis Var. Oahuensis
- Wikstroemia hanalei Wawra - Lavafield False Ohelo
- Wikstroemia isae Skottsberg - >>wikstroemia Oahuensis Var. Oahuensis
- Wikstroemia japonica
- Wikstroemia lanaiensis Skottsberg - >>wikstroemia Oahuensis Var. Oahuensis
- Wikstroemia lanaiensis Skottsberg var. acutifolia Skottsberg - >>wikstroemia Oahuensis Var. Oahuensis
- Wikstroemia leptantha Skottsberg - >>wikstroemia Oahuensis Var. Oahuensis
- Wikstroemia macrosiphon Skottsberg - >>wikstroemia Oahuensis Var. Oahuensis
- Wikstroemia monticola Skottsberg - Montane False Ohelo
- Wikstroemia monticola Skottsberg var. occidentalis Skottsberg - >>wikstroemia Uva-ursi Var. Uva-ursi
- Wikstroemia oahuensis (Gray) Rock - Oahu False Ohelo
- Wikstroemia oahuensis (Gray) Rock var. oahuensis - Oahu False Ohelo
- Wikstroemia oahuensis (Gray) Rock var. palustris (Hochr.) Peterson - Oahu False Ohelo
- Wikstroemia palustris Hochr. - >>wikstroemia Oahuensis Var. Palustris
- Wikstroemia palustris Hochr. var. major Skottsberg - >>wikstroemia Oahuensis Var. Oahuensis
- Wikstroemia perdita O.& I. Deg. - >>wikstroemia Sandwicensis
- Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Gray - Hawai'i False Ohelo
- Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Gray var. buxifolia (Gray) Skottsberg - >>wikstroemia Pulcherrima
- Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Gray var. rigida Gray - >>wikstroemia Phillyreifolia
- Wikstroemia pulcherrima Skottsberg - Kohala False Ohelo
- Wikstroemia recurva (Hbd.) Skottsberg - >>wikstroemia Oahuensis Var. Oahuensis
- Wikstroemia recurva (Hbd.) Skottsberg var. neriifolia Skottsberg - >>wikstroemia Oahuensis Var. Oahuensis
- Wikstroemia sandwicensis Meisn. - Variableleaf False Ohelo
- Wikstroemia sellingii Skottsberg - >>wikstroemia Oahuensis Var. Oahuensis
- Wikstroemia sikokiana
- Wikstroemia skottsbergiana Sparre - Skottsberg's False Ohelo
- Wikstroemia uva-ursi Gray - Hillside False Ohelo
- Wikstroemia uva-ursi Gray var. kauaiensis Skottsberg - Kauai False Ohelo
- Wikstroemia uva-ursi Gray var. uva-ursi - Hillside False Ohelo
- Wikstroemia vacciniifolia Skottsberg - >>wikstroemia Oahuensis Var. Oahuensis
- Wikstroemia villosa Hbd. - Hairy False Ohelo