Origin and Common Names
Staurothele sessilis H. Magn. is a species of lichen found primarily in North America. It is commonly referred to as "sidewalk firedot lichen" or "rock firedot lichen."
Appearance
Staurothele sessilis H. Magn. has a unique appearance, consisting of red fruiting bodies that are raised slightly above the greenish-yellow thallus. The fruiting bodies are small, typically measuring only a few millimeters in diameter.
While the thallus can grow to be relatively large, spreading over several centimeters, it is typically not very thick, giving it a somewhat delicate appearance. Unlike many other types of lichen, Staurothele sessilis does not have any discernible cortex or pseudocortex.
Uses
Staurothele sessilis H. Magn. does not have any known practical uses in modern medicine or industry. However, it is utilized by some cultures in traditional medicine and is also used in some natural dyeing processes.
Additionally, like many other types of lichen, it plays an important role in its ecosystem, serving as a food source for a variety of organisms.
Light Requirements
Staurothele sessilis H. Magn. thrives best in areas with bright indirect light or moderate shade.
Temperature Requirements
This plant prefers moderate temperatures ranging between 18°C to 24°C. It cannot tolerate high temperatures.
Soil Requirements
Staurothele sessilis H. Magn. requires well-draining soil that stays moist but not waterlogged, with a slightly acidic to neutral pH. A good mix of peat, perlite, and sand can be used for optimal growth.
Water Requirements
Water the plant sparingly, as it does not require frequent watering. Wait for the soil to dry out before watering again to prevent root rot.
Fertilizer Requirements
Fertilize with a balanced houseplant fertilizer once a month in spring and summer to promote growth.
Cultivation Methods
Staurothele sessilis H. Magn. or commonly known as the "Crab's Eye Lichen" is a slow-growing, epiphytic lichen that is commonly found growing on the bark of trees. To cultivate this plant, place it in a location that receives bright, indirect sunlight and humidity levels ranging between 50 to 60 percent. The ideal temperature for this plant is between 15 to 25°C. It is essential to grow this plant on a well-drained substrate such as a tree or a piece of bark.Watering Needs
Staurothele sessilis H. Magn. has low watering needs and can withstand periods of drought. As a general rule, only water the plant when the substrate is completely dry to the touch. Overwatering can lead to root rot and the eventual death of the plant. Watering should be done sparingly, as it can cause damage to the delicate thallus.Fertilization
Generally, lichens survive on the nutrients they can extract from the substrate on which they are rooted, with no additional fertilization required. However, if you feel the plant needs to be fertilized, only use a natural, organic fertilizer, such as compost or manure. Fertilizer should be applied once every year in the spring season.Pruning
Pruning of Staurothele sessilis H. Magn. is not necessary, as this plant does not have any stems or leaves that require trimming. However, if the plant becomes too dense, one can reduce the density of the thallus by breaking off small fragments. Be mindful while handling the plant, as it is delicate and can get easily damaged if handled roughly.Propagation of Staurothele sessilis H. Magn.
There are two main methods of propagating the plant Staurothele sessilis H. Magn. These include:
1. Vegetative propagation
Vegetative propagation involves the use of plant parts such as stems, roots, or leaves to create new plants. In the case of Staurothele sessilis H. Magn., this can be done by taking stem cuttings or dividing the plant at the roots.
To take a stem cutting, select a healthy stem with a few leaves and a node. Cut the stem at an angle, just below the node, and remove any leaves from the bottom of the stem. Dip the cut end into rooting hormone powder and plant it in a pot filled with soil. Keep the soil moist and ensure the cutting is exposed to indirect sunlight.
Dividing the plant at the roots involves carefully unearthing the plant and separating it into two or more sections. Each section should have an equal amount of roots, stems, and leaves. Replant each section into a pot filled with soil and keep the soil moist.
2. Spore propagation
Spore propagation is the method of using spores to create new plants. Staurothele sessilis H. Magn. produces small, black spores that can be collected and sown in a suitable growing medium.
To propagate the plant using spores, collect the spores by placing a mature plant over a container and gently tapping the stems. Collect the spores that fall into the container. Sow the spores into a pot filled with a suitable growing medium such as sphagnum moss or a peat-based mix. Keep the medium moist and covered with a plastic bag to maintain humidity. Once the spores germinate, uncover the pot and expose the young plants to indirect sunlight.
Disease and Pest Management for Staurothele Sessilis H. Magn.
Staurothele sessilis H. Magn. is a type of lichen that can be affected by various diseases and pests. Given below are some common diseases and pests that can affect this plant and ways to manage them.
Diseases
One of the most common diseases that affect Staurothele sessilis H. Magn. is the blackening of the lichen thallus. This disorder is caused by the accumulation of pollutants in the air and water, and there is no known cure for it. To prevent this disease from affecting the plant, avoid using pesticides and herbicides in the vicinity of the lichen. Keep the area clean and remove any debris that could be sources of pollution.
Another disease that can affect this plant is the occurrence of lichen necrosis. The cause of this disorder is not yet known, but it is believed to be related to environmental stress. If you notice any signs of discoloration or death of the lichen thallus, remove the affected parts immediately to prevent spreading.
Pests
Staurothele sessilis H. Magn. can be affected by pests such as aphids, scale insects, and mites. These pests can damage the plant by feeding on its tissues or sucking its sap, leading to a decline in plant health. To manage these pests, use an insecticidal soap spray or neem oil solution on the affected parts. You can also use a high-pressure water spray to dislodge the pests from the plant.
Spider mites are another type of pest that can affect this plant. These pests can cause discoloration of the lichen thallus and weaken the plant. To manage spider mites, keep the plant in a well-ventilated area and maintain a balanced humidity level. You can also use a predatory mite, such as Phytoseiulus persimilis, to control spider mite populations.
In conclusion, Staurothele sessilis H. Magn. can be affected by various diseases and pests. The key to managing these problems is to prevent them from occurring in the first place. By maintaining a healthy environment and regularly inspecting the plant for signs of disease and pests, you can ensure the longevity and vibrancy of this lichen.
