Overview
Sclerocactus brevihamatus, also known as Engelm., D.R. Hunt or Short-hammed fishhook cactus is a small, slow-growing cactus that is native to the southwestern United States.
Origin
The plant is commonly found in the states of Utah, Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico. It grows in dry, rocky areas at elevations ranging from 1000 to 2000 meters.
Common Names
The Short-hammed fishhook cactus is commonly known by various names such as the little fishhook cactus, short-spined fishhook cactus, and short-hammed cactus.
Appearance
The Short-hammed fishhook cactus typically grows up to 6 inches in height and 3 inches in diameter. The plant usually has a single, thick stem with distinct ribs. The stem is green in color and covered with small, white spines. The cactus produces bright yellow or pink flowers that bloom in the spring or early summer.
Uses
The Short-hammed fishhook cactus is often grown as an ornamental plant due to its unique appearance. However, it is a rare plant in the wild and is protected under the Endangered Species Act. It is illegal to collect or remove this cactus from its natural habitat without proper permits.
Light conditions
The Sclerocactus brevihamatus plant requires full sunlight exposure to grow properly. It is adapted to thrive in bright and hot environments, and any shade will negatively affect its growth and survival. Therefore, it should be planted in areas with direct sunlight and where there is no shade.
Temperature conditions
This plant is native to the Sonoran Desert, and as such, it is adapted to high temperatures. Sclerocactus brevihamatus can survive in temperatures ranging from 10°C to 40°C, and it is important that it is not exposed to frost or prolonged cold weather. During the winter months, it is essential to protect the plant from frost, as it can cause severe damage to the plant's external layers and internal tissues.
Soil conditions
The Sclerocactus brevihamatus plant requires a well-draining sandy or gravelly soil with low organic matter content. The soil must also be slightly acidic, and the pH levels should range from 6.0 to 7.0. The plant can tolerate poor soils but grows best in well-drained soils which allows effective root establishment and rapid growth. Add 20% perlite or coarse sand to the planting soil mixture to increase drainage if necessary.
Cultivation
Sclerocactus brevihamatus (Engelm.) D.R. Hunt can be grown indoors, but outdoor cultivation is highly recommended as the plant thrives well in natural sunlight and temperature. Ensure the plant receives enough sunlight and is not exposed to extreme temperatures.
Watering Needs
One of the prominent features of Sclerocactus brevihamatus (Engelm.) D.R. Hunt is its ability to store water in its stem. Watering needs for this plant are low but should be consistent. Water deeply, but infrequently, allowing water to fully soak into the soil, but ensure that the soil is relatively dry before the next watering session.
Fertilization
Sclerocactus brevihamatus (Engelm.) D.R. Hunt requires little to no fertilizer to grow as it is adapted to grow in a nutrient-poor environment. Where fertilization is needed, a balanced liquid fertilizer applied during the growing season will help grow healthy plants.
Pruning
Pruning is not necessary for Sclerocactus brevihamatus (Engelm.) D.R. Hunt, and it is recommended that the plant is left to grow with minimal interference. If the plant develops discolored or damaged parts, cutting these parts near the base can help prevent further damage or disease spread. It is recommended to use sterilized tools for any pruning exercise.
Propagation of Sclerocactus brevihamatus
Propagation of Sclerocactus brevihamatus can be done through various methods such as seed propagation, cuttings, and grafting.
Seed Propagation
Seed propagation is the most common method used to propagate Sclerocactus brevihamatus. Collect seeds as the fruits ripen and split open, and sow them in well-drained soil mix in the spring. Cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil and keep them moist but not wet. Germination can take anywhere from two weeks to several months.
Cuttings Propagation
Propagation by cuttings is possible but not recommended for Sclerocactus brevihamatus. Cuttings from this plant are slow to root and have a low success rate. However, if you decide to try this method, take stem cuttings in the spring when the plant is actively growing. Allow the cuttings to dry for a day or two before planting them in well-draining soil mix and watering them gently.
Grafting Propagation
Grafting is another propagation method that can be used for Sclerocactus brevihamatus. Grafting involves combining the stem of the plant you want to propagate (the scion) with another compatible plant (the rootstock). This method is often used to propagate rare or slow-growing cactus species, as it can speed up the growth of the plant significantly. Grafting should only be attempted by experienced gardeners or horticulturists.
Disease Management
Sclerocactus brevihamatus is susceptible to various fungal, viral, and bacterial diseases that can affect its growth and development. To prevent the disease from occurring, it is important to avoid watering the plant excessively and ensure that it is planted in well-draining soil. Here are some common diseases that might affect S. brevihamatus and ways to manage them:
Root Rot
Root rot is a fungal disease that is triggered by overwatering or waterlogged soil. The fungal pathogens can cause the plant's roots to decay, leading to wilting, stunted growth, and yellowing of leaves. To manage root rot, it is essential to reduce watering and ensure that the soil is well-draining. You can also apply a fungicide to the soil to prevent the spread of the pathogen.
Anthracnose
Anthracnose is a fungal disease that affects the stems, leaves, and fruits of the plant. It causes sunken lesions that are dark in color, and in severe cases, the leaves may drop off from the plant. To manage anthracnose, it is important to remove any infected plant parts and avoid overhead watering. Applying a fungicide can also help prevent the spread of the fungus.
Mosaic Virus
Mosaic virus is a viral disease that affects the leaves of the plant, causing a mosaic-like pattern of yellow and green. The virus can be spread by insect vectors and contaminated tools. Unfortunately, there is no cure for the virus, and the only way to manage it is to remove the infected plant parts and destroy them. It would also help to sterilize any tools used on the plant to prevent the spread of the virus.
Pest Management
Sclerocactus brevihamatus is also prone to various pests that can feed on the plant's tissues, sucking sap, and reducing its vigor. Here are some common pest problems that might affect S. brevihamatus and ways to manage them:
Spider Mites
Spider mites are tiny arthropods that feed on the plant's sap, causing yellowing and speckling of leaves. They thrive in dry and dusty environments, and their populations can grow rapidly, leading to severe damage. To manage spider mites, you can use insecticidal soap or neem oil sprays to suffocate them. You can also increase humidity levels around the plant to deter their growth.
Scale Insects
Scale insects are small, oval-shaped insects that attach themselves to the plant's stems and leaves, sucking sap and weakening the plant. They secrete a waxy substance that is a protective layer against most insecticides. To manage scale insects, it is important to scrub the plant with a soft brush and soapy water to remove the insects and their protective coating. You can also use insecticidal oil sprays to smother them.
Mealybugs
Mealybugs are small, soft-bodied insects that feed on the plant's sap, causing yellowing and wilting of leaves. They also secrete a waxy substance that can attract ants. To manage mealybugs, it is crucial to remove any visible insects with a cotton swab dipped in alcohol. You can also use insecticidal soap sprays to smother them.
