Overview of Sapindaceae Family
The Sapindaceae family, commonly known as the Soapberry family, is a large family of woody trees and shrubs, consisting of approximately 138 genera and 1,900 species worldwide. This family is distributed throughout the world's tropical and subtropical regions, with a few species in temperate regions. Members of the Sapindaceae family can be found predominantly in Africa and South America, but there are also genera widespread throughout Southeast Asia, India, Polynesia, Australia, and New Zealand.
Taxonomy and Classification
The Sapindaceae family is taxonomically classified within the order Sapindales, which also includes the Anacardiaceae (cashew or sumac family), Burseraceae (torchwood family), Meliaceae (mahogany family), Rutaceae (citrus family), and Simaroubaceae (quassia family). The family is broken down into various subfamilies, including Sapindoideae, Hippocastanoideae, Xanthoceroideae, Dodonaeoideae, and many others.
Unique Characteristics and Features
The Sapindaceae family is easily recognizable by the unique characteristics of its fruits: they are usually berries, drupes, or samaras and often contain elongated or winged seeds. The fruit typically has a fleshy, edible part and a hard, woody shell. Members of this family are also known for producing saponins, which are natural detergents used to make soap.
The leaves of the Sapindaceae family are usually deciduous, compound, and alternate. The flowers are often small, greenish-white, and arranged in large inflorescences, ranging from panicles to racemes. Some species in this family have been extensively utilized for their medicinal properties, such as the Aesculus (Horse-chestnut) species. These trees are used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments ranging from hemorrhoids to fevers.
Distribution of the Sapindaceae family
The Sapindaceae family is distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The family is found in every continent except for Antarctica, with the highest diversity in the Americas and Southeast Asia. The family comprises around 135 genera and 1900 species distributed worldwide.
Habitats of the Sapindaceae family
The Sapindaceae family exhibits diverse ecological preferences and adaptations. They are commonly found in various habitats like tropical forests, dry forests, savannas, and grasslands. Plants from this family can be found in lowlands, highlands, and even in montane ecosystems. They also occur in disturbed areas such as degraded forests and urbanized environments.
Many species of the Sapindaceae family prefer a moist and highly humid environment. They require sufficient rainfall or access to water. For example, Litchi chinensis, commonly known as the lychee, is a species that prefers a warm and humid environment with an annual rainfall of around 1000-1500 mm. On the other hand, other species like Dodonaea viscosa can tolerate seasonal droughts and rocky terrains.
The Sapindaceae family also shows adaptations to different pollinators, mainly birds, butterflies, moths, and bees. Brightly colored and sweet-scented flowers are common in the family. Besides, some species exhibit dispersal adaptations like fleshy fruits, hooks, or wings that aid in seed dispersal by animals.
Morphology and structure of Sapindaceae family
The Sapindaceae family comprises around 138 genera and over 1850 species of flowering plants. They are distributed worldwide but are more commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions. Most species in this family are trees or shrubs, while some are vines or woody climbers. These plants have a fascinating morphological and anatomical setup that helps them thrive in diverse environments.
Anatomical features and adaptations
One of the most distinctive anatomical features of Sapindaceae is their glands or domatia that are found on the underside of leaves. These glands secrete a sugary substance that attracts ants, which in turn, provide protection to the plant against herbivores and other predators. Apart from that, some Sapindaceae plants also have specialized structures like nectaries and extra-floral nectaries that are adapted to increase their chances of survival.
The bark of trees in the Sapindaceae family is often smooth or slightly rough, and in some species, it may be corky or scaly. The presence of tannins in the bark provides resistance to fungal and insect attacks.
Leaf shapes and flower structures
The leaves in the Sapindaceae family are typically pinnately compound, with numerous leaflets arranged in a feather-like fashion. However, there are variations in leaf shapes among different species. Some have simple leaves or even trifoliate leaves. For example, members of the genus Acer or maples have simple leaves with distinctive lobes, while Blighia sapida or ackee has pinnately compound leaves with 6-10 leaflets.
The flowers in the Sapindaceae family are generally small, and most species have a bisexual arrangement. The flowers are usually arranged in inflorescences, such as panicles or racemes. Each flower has five sepals and five petals, and the petals are often colored in shades of white, yellow, green, or pink. The fruit of the Sapindaceae family is usually a capsule or samara or drupe.
Distinctive characteristics among family members
One of the most distinctive characteristics of the Sapindaceae family is the presence of a chemical compound called saponin, responsible for the soapy taste of many species' leaves and fruits. The genus Paullinia, also known as guarana, has a distinctive caffeine-rich seed that is commonly used as a natural energy supplement. Additionally, some species like the Litchi chinensis, or lychee, have a hard rind that needs to be peeled to access the juicy flesh.
The Sapindaceae family encompasses a wide range of plants with distinct characteristics that allow them to flourish in diverse environments. From the exquisite leaf shapes and flower structures to the unique aromatic and flavor compounds, the Sapindaceae family is a fascinating group of plants that continue to intrigue botanists and nature enthusiasts worldwide.
Reproductive Strategies in the Sapindaceae Family
The Sapindaceae family is known for its diverse reproductive strategies, which vary greatly between species. However, there are some common mechanisms of reproduction within the family, including self-fertilization, cross-fertilization, vegetative propagation, and cleistogamy.
Mechanisms of Reproduction
Self-fertilization is common in some species of the Sapindaceae family, such as the horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum). Cross-fertilization is also prevalent in the family, with pollination usually occurring through insects such as bees or moths. Some species also use wind pollination.
Vegetative propagation is another method of reproduction that occurs in some species, such as the Chinese lantern plant (Physalis alkekengi). This occurs when a new plant grows from a portion of an existing plant, rather than from a seed.
Cleistogamous flowers are also found in some species, such as the golden rain tree (Koelreuteria paniculata), which produce unopened flowers that self-pollinate before they open fully.
Flowering Patterns and Pollination Strategies
The flowering patterns in the Sapindaceae family are varied, but most species produce flowers in the spring or summer. The flowers of some species, such as the yellow oleander (Thevetia peruviana), bloom year-round. Most species in the family rely on insects for pollination, with bees, butterflies, and moths being common pollinators.
Some species, such as the soapberry tree (Sapindus saponaria), have flowers that are adapted to attract specific pollinators. The soapberry tree's white, fragrant flowers attract bees and butterflies.
Seed Dispersal Methods and Adaptations
Seed dispersal in the Sapindaceae family occurs through a variety of methods, including wind, water, and animals. Some species, such as the balloon vine (Cardiospermum halicacabum), have seeds that are adapted to be dispersed by wind.
Other species have seeds that are adapted to be eaten by animals, such as birds or squirrels, and then spread through their droppings. The red horse chestnut (Aesculus × carnea), for example, has shiny, red seeds that are attractive to birds.
Some species, such as the maple tree (Acer spp.), have seeds that are encased in a winged structure called a samara. This allows them to be dispersed by the wind over long distances.
Economic Importance
The Sapindaceae family includes several economically important plants, including the maple tree, lychee, rambutan, soapberry, and horse chestnut. The fruits of some plants in the family, such as lychee and rambutan, are commonly consumed for their nutritional and medicinal benefits.
The family also contains many plants that are used in traditional medicine around the world. For example, the soapberry plant is used in Ayurvedic medicine as a treatment for a range of ailments, including fevers and inflammation. Additionally, the horse chestnut tree provides a compound that is used in many over-the-counter remedies for vein conditions.
Several plants in the family also have industrial uses. The oil extracted from the seeds of the soapberry plant is used in the production of insecticides and fungicides. The fruits of some plant species in the Sapindaceae family, such as the soapberry and lychee, also contain saponins, which are used in the production of detergents and soaps.
Ecological Importance
The Sapindaceae family plays an important ecological role within many ecosystems. Several species in the family provide food and habitat for a range of animals, including birds, bats, and insects. For example, the flowers of the horse chestnut tree provide nectar for bees and other pollinators. The seeds of the maple tree and horse chestnut are also a valuable food source for many animals.
The family also contributes to soil health and nutrient cycling within ecosystems. The plants in this family generally possess symbiotic relationships with soil microorganisms that help facilitate nutrient cycling and contribute to soil health.
Conservation Status
Several species within the Sapindaceae family are currently threatened with extinction. Habitat loss, overharvesting, and the impacts of climate change are all major threats to the survival of many species within this family.
Efforts are underway to conserve and protect species in the Sapindaceae family. Many botanic gardens and arboretums maintain living collections of these plants, and conservation organizations work to protect their habitat. It is crucial to continue these efforts to ensure the survival of the many valuable species within this family.
Featured plants from the Sapindaceae family
More plants from the Sapindaceae family
- Alectryon Gaertn. - Alectryon
- Alectryon macrococcus Radlk. - Hawai'i Alectryon
- Alectryon macrococcus Radlk. var. auwahiensis G. Linney - Hawai'i Alectryon
- Alectryon macrococcus Radlk. var. macrococcus - Hawai'i Alectryon
- Alectryon mahoe St. John & Frederick - >>alectryon Macrococcus Var. Macrococcus
- Allophylus abyssinicus (Hochst.) Radlk.
- Allophylus africanus P.Beauv. var. africanus
- Allophylus africanus P.Beauv. var. griseotomentosus (Gilg) Verdc.
- Allophylus agbala Hauman
- Allophylus alnifolius (Baker) Radlk.
- Allophylus alte-scandens Hauman
- Allophylus amplissimus Hauman
- Allophylus antunesii Gilg
- Allophylus appendiculato-serratus Gilg
- Allophylus brachycalyx Baker f.
- Allophylus buchananii Gilg ex Radlk.
- Allophylus bullatus Radlk.
- Allophylus bussei Gilg ex Engl.
- Allophylus calophyllus Gilg
- Allophylus camptoneurus Radlk.
- Allophylus cataractarum Baker f.
- Allophylus chaunostachys Gilg
- Allophylus chirindensis Baker f.
- Allophylus congolanus Gilg
- Allophylus congolanus Gilg var. monophyllus Baker f.
- Allophylus conraui Gilg ex Radlk.
- Allophylus crassinervis Radlk. - Palo Blanco
- Allophylus crebriflorus Baker f.
- Allophylus cuneatus Baker f.
- Allophylus dasystachys Gilg
- Allophylus decipiens (Sond.) Radlk.
- Allophylus delicatulus Verdc.
- Allophylus didymadenius Radlk.
- Allophylus dregeanus (Sond.) De Winter
- Allophylus dummeri Baker f.
- Allophylus elongatus Radlk.
- Allophylus erlangeri Gilg ex Chiov.
- Allophylus erlangeri Gilg ex Engl.
- Allophylus erosus Radlk.
- Allophylus ferrugineus Taub. var. ferrugineus
- Allophylus ferrugineus Taub. var. stipitatus Verdc.
- Allophylus fischeri Gilg
- Allophylus fulvotomentosus Gilg
- Allophylus gazensis Baker f.
- Allophylus goetzeanus Gilg
- Allophylus gossweileri Baker f.
- Allophylus grandifolius (Baker) Radlk.
- Allophylus griseotomentosus Gilg
- Allophylus grotei F.G.Davies & Verdc.
- Allophylus hallaei Fouilloy
- Allophylus hamatus Vermoesen ex Hauman
- Allophylus hirtellus (Hook.f.) Radlk.
- Allophylus holstii Gilg ex Engl.
- Allophylus holubii Baker f.
- Allophylus hylophilus Gilg
- Allophylus imenoensis Pellegr.
- Allophylus kassneri Baker f.
- Allophylus katangensis Hauman
- Allophylus kilimandscharicus Taub.
- Allophylus kiwuensis Gilg
- Allophylus L. - Allophylus
- Allophylus laeteviridis Gilg ex Engl.
- Allophylus lasiopus Baker f.
- Allophylus lastoursvillensis Pellegr.
- Allophylus latefoliolatus Baker f.
- Allophylus le-testui Pellegr.
- Allophylus longicuneatus Vermoesen ex Hauman
- Allophylus longipetiolatus Gilg
- Allophylus macrobotrys Gilg
- Allophylus macrurus Gilg
- Allophylus mawambensis Gilg
- Allophylus mayimbensis Pellegr.
- Allophylus megaphyllus Hutch. & Dalziel
- Allophylus melanocarpus (Sond.) Radlk.
- Allophylus melliodorus Gilg ex Radlk.
- Allophylus monophylla Radlk.
- Allophylus monophyllus auct.
- Allophylus mossambicensis Exell
- Allophylus natalensis (Sond.) De Winter
- Allophylus ngounyensis Pellegr.
- Allophylus nigericus Baker f.
- Allophylus occidentalis (Sw.) Radlk. - >>allophylus Racemosus
- Allophylus oreodryadum Gilg ex Engl.
- Allophylus oreophilus Gilg
- Allophylus oyemensis Pellegr.
- Allophylus paralleloneurus Gilg ex Engl.
- Allophylus persicifolius Hauman
- Allophylus pervillei Blume
- Allophylus pervillei Blume forma pervillei
- Allophylus pervillei Blume forma trifoliolatus Radlk.
- Allophylus pierrei Pellegr.
- Allophylus poungouensis Pellegr.
- Allophylus pseudopaniculatus Baker f.
- Allophylus racemosus Sw. - Palo De Caja
- Allophylus repandus (Baker) Engl.
- Allophylus rhodesicus Exell
- Allophylus rhoidiphyllus Balf.f.
- Allophylus rhusiphyllus Balf.f.
- Allophylus richardsiae Exell
- Allophylus rubifolius (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Engl. var. alnifolius (Baker) Friis & Vollesen
- Allophylus rubifolius (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Engl. var. dasystachys (Gilg) Verdc.
- Allophylus rubifolius (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Engl. var. rhusiphyllus (Balf.f.) Friis & Vollesen
- Allophylus rubifolius (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Engl. var. rubifolius
- Allophylus rutete Gilg
- Allophylus sapinii Vermoesen ex Hauman
- Allophylus schirensis Gilg
- Allophylus schweinfurthii auct.
- Allophylus schweinfurthii Gilg
- Allophylus spectabilis Gilg
- Allophylus spicatus (Poir.) Radlk.
- Allophylus spicatus (Thunb.) Fourc.
- Allophylus spragueanus Burtt Davy
- Allophylus stachyanthus Gilg
- Allophylus subcoriaceus Baker f.
- Allophylus talbotii Baker f.
- Allophylus tanzaniensis F.G.Davies
- Allophylus tenuifolius Radlk.
- Allophylus tenuis Radlk.
- Allophylus tessmannii Gilg ex Engl.
- Allophylus toroensis Baker f.
- Allophylus torrei Exell & Mendonça
- Allophylus touracus (A.Chev.) Pellegr.
- Allophylus transvaalensis Burtt Davy
- Allophylus tristis Radlk.
- Allophylus ussheri Baker f.
- Allophylus uwembae Gilli
- Allophylus volkensii Gilg
- Allophylus welwitschii Gilg
- Allophylus whitei Exell
- Allophylus yeru Gilg
- Allophylus zenkeri Gilg ex Radlk.
- Allophylus zimmermannianus Gilg ex Engl.
- Aphania golungensis Hiern
- Aphania senegalensis (Juss. ex Poir.) Radlk. var. senegalensis
- Aphania senegalensis (Juss. ex Poir.) Radlk. var. sylvatica (A.Chev. ex Hutch. & Dalziel) Aubrév.
- Aporrhiza lastoursvillensis Pellegr.
- Aporrhiza letestui Pellegr.
- Aporrhiza multijuga Gilg
- Aporrhiza nitida Gilg
- Aporrhiza paniculata Radlk.
- Aporrhiza talbotii Baker f.
- Aporrhiza tessmannii Gilg ex Radlk.
- Aporrhiza urophylla Gilg
- Atalaya alata (Sim) H.M.L.Forbes
- Atalaya capensis R.A.Dyer
- Atalaya natalensis R.A.Dyer
- Bizonula letestui Pellegr.
- Blighia kamerunensis Radlk.
- Blighia Koenig - Blighia
- Blighia laurentii De Wild.
- Blighia mildbreadii Radlk.
- Blighia sapida K.D.Koenig
- Blighia unijugata Baker
- Blighia welwitschii (Hiern) Radlk.
- Blighia wildemanniana Radlk.
- Blighia zambesiaca Baker
- Blighiopsis pseudostipularis Van der Veken
- Camptolepis ramiflora (Taub.) Radlk.
- Cardiospermum alatum Bremek. & Oberm.
- Cardiospermum corindum L. - Faux Persil
- Cardiospermum corindum L.
- Cardiospermum corindum L. forma clematideum (A.Rich.) Radlk.
- Cardiospermum corindum L. var. villosum (P. Mill.) Radlk. - >>cardiospermum Corindum
- Cardiospermum dissectum (S. Wats.) Radlk. - Chihuahuan Balloonvine
- Cardiospermum grandiflorum Sw. - Showy Balloonvine
- Cardiospermum grandiflorum Sw.
- Cardiospermum grandiflorum Sw. forma elegans (Kunth) Radlk.
- Cardiospermum grandiflorum Sw. forma genuinum Radlk.
- Cardiospermum grandiflorum Sw. forma hirsutum (Willd.) Radlk.
- Cardiospermum grandiflorum Sw. var. elegans (Kunth) Hiern
- Cardiospermum grandiflorum Sw. var. hirsutum (Willd.) Hiern
- Cardiospermum halicacabum - Heart Seed
- Cardiospermum halicacabum L. - Love In A Puff
- Cardiospermum halicacabum L. var. halicacabum
- Cardiospermum halicacabum L. var. microcarpum (Kunth) Blume - >>cardiospermum Microcarpum
- Cardiospermum halicacabum L. var. microcarpum (Kunth) Blume
- Cardiospermum integerrimum Radlk.
- Cardiospermum keyense Small - >>cardiospermum Corindum
- Cardiospermum L. - Balloonvine
- Cardiospermum microcarpum Kunth - Heartseed
- Cardiospermum microcarpum Kunth
- Cardiospermum pechuelii Kuntze
- Chiarinia jubae-fluvii Chiov.
- Chonopetalum stenodictyum Radlk.
- Chytranthus angustifolius Exell
- Chytranthus atroviolaceus Baker f. ex Hutch. & Dalziel
- Chytranthus bracteosus Radlk.
- Chytranthus brunneotomentosus Gilg ex Radlk.
- Chytranthus calophyllus Radlk.
- Chytranthus carneus Radlk.
- Chytranthus carneus Radlk. var. secundiflorus Hauman
- Chytranthus cauliflorus (Hutch. & Dalziel) Wickens
- Chytranthus dasystachys Gilg ex Radlk.
- Chytranthus dinklagei Gilg ex Engl.
- Chytranthus edulis Pierre
- Chytranthus ellipticus Hutch. & Dalziel
- Chytranthus flavoviridis Radlk.
- Chytranthus fouilloyanus Pellegr.
- Chytranthus gerardii De Wild.
- Chytranthus gilletii De Wild.
- Chytranthus imenoensis Pellegr.
- Chytranthus klaineanus Radlk.
- Chytranthus ledermannii Gilg ex Radlk.
- Chytranthus longibracteatus F.G.Davies
- Chytranthus longiracemosus Gilg ex Radlk.
- Chytranthus macrobotrys (Gilg) Exell & Mendonça
- Chytranthus macrophyllus auct.
- Chytranthus macrophyllus Gilg
- Chytranthus macrophyllus Gilg var. obanensis Baker f.
- Chytranthus malendeensis Pellegr.
- Chytranthus mangenotii N.Hallé & Aké Assi
- Chytranthus mayumbensis Exell
- Chytranthus micranthus Gilg ex Radlk.
- Chytranthus mortehanii (De Wild.) de Voldere ex Hauman
- Chytranthus obliquinervis Radlk.
- Chytranthus pilgerianus (Gilg) Pellegr.
- Chytranthus prieureanus Baill.
- Chytranthus prieurianus Baill. subsp. longiflorus (Verdc.) N.Hallé
- Chytranthus punctatus Radlk.
- Chytranthus sacleuxii Pierre ex Sacleux
- Chytranthus sacleuxii Pierre ex Sacleux subsp. longiflorus Verdc.
- Chytranthus setosus Radlk.
- Chytranthus sexlocularis Radlk.
- Chytranthus stenophyllus Gilg var. gerardii (De Wild.) Hauman
- Chytranthus stenophyllus Gilg var. stenophyllus
- Chytranthus strigosus Radlk.
- Chytranthus subvilliger Radlk.
- Chytranthus talbotii (Baker f.) Keay
- Chytranthus verecundus N.Hallé & Aké Assi
- Chytranthus villiger Radlk.
- Chytranthus welwitschii auct.
- Chytranthus welwitschii Exell
- Chytranthus xanthophyllus Radlk.
- Chytranthus zenkeri Gilg
- Crossonephelis adamii Fouilloy
- Crossonephelis africana (Radlk.) Leenh.
- Crossonephelis oblongus Capuron ex Fouilloy
- Crossonephelis unijugatus Capuron ex Fouilloy
- Cupania americana L. - Wild Ackee
- Cupania glabra Sw. - Florida Toadwood
- Cupania L. - Cupania
- Cupania sapida (Konig) Voigt - >>blighia Sapida
- Cupania triquetra A. Rich. - Guara Blanca
- Cupaniopsis anacardioides (A. Rich.) Radlk. - Carrotwood
- Cupaniopsis Radlk. - Carrotwood
- Deinbollia acuminata Exell
- Deinbollia adusta Radlk.
- Deinbollia albidokermesina Gilg ex Engl.
- Deinbollia angustifolia D.W.Thomas
- Deinbollia borbonica Scheff.
- Deinbollia borbonica Scheff. forma glabrata Radlk.
- Deinbollia borbonica Scheff. forma subcordata Verdc.
- Deinbollia brachybotrys Gilg
- Deinbollia calophylla Gilg ex Radlk.
- Deinbollia cauliflora Hauman
- Deinbollia crassipes Hauman
- Deinbollia cuneifolia Baker
- Deinbollia cuspidata Radlk.
- Deinbollia dahomensis A.Chev.
- Deinbollia dasybotris Gilg ex Radlk.
- Deinbollia elliotii Gilg
- Deinbollia evrardii Hauman
- Deinbollia fanshawei Exell
- Deinbollia fulvo-tomentella Baker f.
- Deinbollia giorgii De Wild.
- Deinbollia gossweileri Exell
- Deinbollia grandifolia Hook.f.
- Deinbollia hierniana Gilg
- Deinbollia indeniensis A.Chev.
- Deinbollia insignis Hook.f.
- Deinbollia kilimandscharica Taub. var. adusta (Radlk.) Verdc.
- Deinbollia kilimandscharica Taub. var. kilimandscharica
- Deinbollia laurentii De Wild. var. cuspidata (Radlk.) Hauman
- Deinbollia laurentii De Wild. var. gymnocarpa Hauman
- Deinbollia laurentii De Wild. var. laurentii
- Deinbollia laurifolia Baker
- Deinbollia leptophylla Gilg ex Radlk.
- Deinbollia longiacuminata Hauman
- Deinbollia macrantha Radlk.
- Deinbollia macroura Gilg ex Radlk.
- Deinbollia marginata Radlk.
- Deinbollia maxima Gilg
- Deinbollia molliuscula Radlk.
- Deinbollia nyasica Exell
- Deinbollia nyikensis Baker
- Deinbollia oblongifolia (E.Mey. ex Arn.) Radlk.
- Deinbollia obovata Radlk.
- Deinbollia patentinervis Radlk.
- Deinbollia pinnata (Poir.) Schumach. & Thonn.
- Deinbollia pinnata auct.
- Deinbollia polypus Stapf
- Deinbollia pycnophylla Gilg ex Radlk.
- Deinbollia pynaertii De Wild. var. giorgii (De Wild.) Hauman
- Deinbollia pynaertii De Wild. var. pynaertii
- Deinbollia rambaensis Pellegr.
- Deinbollia ramiflora Taub.
- Deinbollia reticulata Gilg ex Engl.
- Deinbollia saligna Keay
- Deinbollia stenobotrys Gilg
- Deinbollia unguiculata Gilg
- Deinbollia unijuga D.W.Thomas
- Deinbollia variabilis De Wild.
- Deinbollia voltensis Hutch. ex Burtt Davy & Hoyle
- Deinbollia xanthocarpa (Klotzsch) Radlk.
- Diacarpa alata Sim
- Dialiopsis africana Radlk.
- Dimocarpus Lour. - Dimocarpus
- Dipploglottis australis - Native Tamarind
- Dodonaea adenophora
- Dodonaea angustifolia L.f.
- Dodonaea angustissima - Narrow-leaved Hop-bush
- Dodonaea boroniifolia - Fern-leaf Hop-bush
- Dodonaea burmanniana DC.
- Dodonaea caffra Eckl. & Zeyh.
- Dodonaea concinna
- Dodonaea cuneata - Wedge-leaved Hop-bush
- Dodonaea ehrenbergii Schlecht. - >>dodonaea Viscosa
- Dodonaea elaeagnoides Rudolph ex Ledeb. & Alderstam - >>dodonaea Viscosa
- Dodonaea eriocarpa Sm. - >>dodonaea Viscosa
- Dodonaea eriocarpa Sm. var. amphioxea O. Deg. & Sherff - >>dodonaea Viscosa
- Dodonaea eriocarpa Sm. var. confertior Sherff - >>dodonaea Viscosa
- Dodonaea eriocarpa Sm. var. costulata O.& I. Deg. & Sherff - >>dodonaea Viscosa
- Dodonaea eriocarpa Sm. var. degeneri Sherff - >>dodonaea Viscosa
- Dodonaea eriocarpa Sm. var. forbesii Sherff - >>dodonaea Viscosa
- Dodonaea eriocarpa Sm. var. glabrescens Sherff - >>dodonaea Viscosa
- Dodonaea eriocarpa Sm. var. hillebrandii Sherff - >>dodonaea Viscosa
- Dodonaea eriocarpa Sm. var. hosakana Sherff - >>dodonaea Viscosa
- Dodonaea eriocarpa Sm. var. lanaiensis Sherff - >>dodonaea Viscosa
- Dodonaea eriocarpa Sm. var. molokaiensis O. Deg. & Sherff - >>dodonaea Viscosa
- Dodonaea eriocarpa Sm. var. oblonga Sherff - >>dodonaea Viscosa
- Dodonaea eriocarpa Sm. var. obtusior Sherff - >>dodonaea Viscosa
- Dodonaea eriocarpa Sm. var. pallida O. Deg. & Sherff - >>dodonaea Viscosa
- Dodonaea eriocarpa Sm. var. sherffii O.& I. Deg. - >>dodonaea Viscosa
- Dodonaea eriocarpa Sm. var. skottsbergii Sherff - >>dodonaea Viscosa
- Dodonaea eriocarpa Sm. var. vaccinioides Sherff - >>dodonaea Viscosa
- Dodonaea eriocarpa Sm. var. varians O. Deg. & Sherff - >>dodonaea Viscosa
- Dodonaea eriocarpa Sm. var. waimeana Sherff - >>dodonaea Viscosa
- Dodonaea hexandra - Horned Hop-bush
- Dodonaea jamaicensis DC. - >>dodonaea Viscosa
- Dodonaea lobulata
- Dodonaea microcarya Small - >>dodonaea Viscosa
- Dodonaea microzyga - Brilliant Hopbush
- Dodonaea P. Mill. - Dodonaea
- Dodonaea procumbens - Trailing Hop-bush
- Dodonaea sandwicensis Sherff - >>dodonaea Viscosa
- Dodonaea sandwicensis Sherff var. latifolia O. Deg. & Sherff - >>dodonaea Viscosa
- Dodonaea sandwicensis Sherff var. simulans Sherff - >>dodonaea Viscosa
- Dodonaea spathulata Sm. - >>dodonaea Viscosa
- Dodonaea stenoptera Hbd. - >>dodonaea Viscosa
- Dodonaea stenoptera Hbd. var. fauriei (Levl.) Sherff - >>dodonaea Viscosa
- Dodonaea thunbergiana Radlk.
- Dodonaea thunbergiana Radlk. var. linearis Sond.
- Dodonaea triquetra - Large-leaf Hop-bush
- Dodonaea truncatiales - Propeller Hop-bush
- Dodonaea viscosa - Sticky Hop-bush
- Dodonaea viscosa - Native Hops
- Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. - Florida Hopbush
- Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. var. angustifolia (L. f.) Benth. - >>dodonaea Viscosa
- Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. var. arborescens (A. Cunningham ex Hook.) Sherff - >>dodonaea Viscosa
- Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. var. linearis (Harvey & Sonder) Sherff - >>dodonaea Viscosa
- Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. var. spathulata (Sm.) West - >>dodonaea Viscosa
- Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. forma angustifolia (L.f.) Sherff
- Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. subsp. angustifolia (L.f.) J.G.West
- Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. subsp. burmanniana (DC.) J.G.West
- Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. subsp. viscosa
- Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. var. angustifolia (L.f.) Benth.
- Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. var. linearis (Harvey & Sonder) Sherff
- Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. var. viscosa
- Dodonaea viscosa var. purpurea - Hop Bush
- Eriocoelum kerstingii Gilg ex Engl.
- Eriocoelum kerstingii Gilg ex Engl. var. katangense Hauman
- Eriocoelum lawtonii Exell
- Eriocoelum ledermannii Gilg ex Engl.
- Eriocoelum macrocarpum Gilg ex Radlk.
- Eriocoelum microspermum Gilg ex Radlk.
- Eriocoelum oblongum Keay
- Eriocoelum paniculatum Baker
- Eriocoelum pendulum Stapf
- Eriocoelum petiolare Radlk.
- Eriocoelum pungens Radlk. ex Engl. var. inermis Keay
- Eriocoelum pungens Radlk. ex Engl. var. pungens
- Eriocoelum racemosum Baker
- Eriocoelum rivulare Exell
- Erythrophysa alata (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Hutch.
- Erythrophysa septentrionalis Verdc.
- Erythrophysa transvaalensis I.Verd.
- Erythrophysa undulata E.Mey. ex Sond.
- Euphoria longan (Lour.) Steudel - >>dimocarpus Longan
- Euphoria longana Lam. - >>dimocarpus Longan
- Exothea Macfad. - Exothea
- Exothea paniculata (Juss.) Radlk. - Butterbough
- Filicium decipiens (Wight & Arn.) Thwaites
- Filicium elongatum Radlk. ex Taub.
- Filicium somalense Chiov.
- Ganophyllum africanum Mildbr.
- Ganophyllum giganteum (A.Chev.) Hauman
- Glenniea adamii (Fouilloy) Leenh.
- Glenniea africana (Radlk.) Leenh.
- Glenniea unijugata (Pellegr.) Leenh.
- Glossolepis pilgeriana Gilg ex Engl.
- Glossolepis talbotii Baker f.
- Haplocoelopsis africana F.G.Davies
- Haplocoelum acuminatum Radlk. ex Engl. & Drude
- Haplocoelum congolanum Hauman
- Haplocoelum dekindtianum (Engl.) Radlk.
- Haplocoelum foliolosum (Hiern) Bullock subsp. foliolosum
- Haplocoelum foliolosum (Hiern) Bullock subsp. mombasense (Bullock) Verdc.
- Haplocoelum foliolosum (Hiern) Bullock subsp. strongylocarpum (Bullock) Verdc.
- Haplocoelum gallaense (Engl.) Radlk.
- Haplocoelum inoploeum Radlk.
- Haplocoelum intermedium Hauman
- Haplocoelum jubense Chiov.
- Haplocoelum mombasense Bullock
- Haplocoelum scassellatii Chiov.
- Haplocoelum strongylocarpus Bull.
- Haplocoelum trigonocarpum Radlk.
- Harpullia arborea (Blanco) Radlk.
- Harpullia pendula Planch. ex F.Muell.
- Harpullia Roxb. - Harpullia
- Hippobromus alata (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh.
- Hippobromus pauciflorus (L.f.) Radlk.
- Hypelate P. Br. - Hypelate
- Hypelate trifoliata Sw. - Inkwood
- Hypseloderma jubense (Chiov.) Radlk.
- Koelreuteria apiculata Rehder & E. Wilson - >>koelreuteria Paniculata
- Koelreuteria bipinnata Franchet - Goldenrain Tree
- Koelreuteria elegans (Seem.) A.C. Sm. - Flamegold
- Koelreuteria elegans (Seem.) A.C. Sm. ssp. formosana (Hayata) F.G. Mey. - Flamegold
- Koelreuteria formosana Hayata - >>koelreuteria Elegans Ssp. Formosana
- Koelreuteria Laxm. - Koelreuteria
- Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm. - Goldenrain Tree
- Koelreuteria vitiensis A.C. Sm. - >>koelreuteria Elegans Ssp. Formosana
- Laccodiscus cauliflorus Hutch. & Dalziel
- Laccodiscus ferrugineus (Baker) Radlk.
- Laccodiscus klaineanus Pierre ex Engl.
- Laccodiscus pseudostipularis Radlk.
- Laccodiscus spinulosodentatus Radlk.
- Lecaniodiscus cupanioides Planch.
- Lecaniodiscus fraxinifolius Baker subsp. fraxinifolius
- Lecaniodiscus fraxinifolius Baker subsp. scassellatii (Chiov.) Friis
- Lecaniodiscus fraxinifolius Baker subsp. vaughanii (Dunkley) Friis
- Lecaniodiscus punctatus J.B.Hall
- Lecaniodiscus vaughanii Dunkley
- Lepisanthes senegalensis (Juss. ex Poir.) Leenh.
- Litchi sinensis Sonn. var. sinensis
- Litchi Sonn. - Lychee
- Lychnodiscus brevibracteatus Fouilloy
- Lychnodiscus cerospermus Radlk. var. cerospermus
- Lychnodiscus cerospermus Radlk. var. mortehanii (De Wild.) Hauman
- Lychnodiscus cerospermus Radlk. var. pedicellaris (Radlk.) Hauman
- Lychnodiscus dananensis Aubrév. & Pellegr.
- Lychnodiscus grandifolius Radlk.
- Lychnodiscus mortehanii De Wild.
- Lychnodiscus multinervis Radlk.
- Lychnodiscus papillosus Radlk.
- Lychnodiscus pedicellaris Radlk.
- Lychnodiscus reticulatus Radlk.
- Lychnodiscus reticulatus Radlk. var. brevibracteatus Pellegr.
- Macphersonia gracilis O.Hoffm.
- Macphersonia gracilis O.Hoffm. var. hildebrandtii (O.Hoffm.) Capuron
- Macphersonia hildebrandtii O.Hoffm.
- Majidea cyanosperma (A.Chev.) Radlk.
- Majidea fosteri (Sprague) Radlk.
- Majidea multijuga (Radlk.) Radlk.
- Majidea zanguebarica Kirt. subsp. zanguebarica
- Matayba Aubl. - Matayba
- Matayba domingensis (DC.) Radlk. - Negra Lora
- Melanodiscus africanus Radlk.
- Melanodiscus oblongus Radlk. ex Taub.
- Melanodiscus unijugatus Pellegr.
- Melanodiscus venulosus Bullock ex Dale & Greenway
- Melicocca bijuga (Jacq.) L.
- Melicocca paniculata Juss. - >>exothea Paniculata
- Melicoccus bijuga L. - >>melicoccus Bijugatus
- Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq. - Spanish Lime
- Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq.
- Melicoccus P. Br. - Melicoccus
- Nephelium L. - Nephelium
- Nephelium lappaceum L. - Rambutan
- Nephelium lappaceum L. var. lappaceum
- Nephelium litchi Cambess. - >>litchi Chinensis
- Nephelium mutabile Blume - Pulasan
- Pancovia bijuga Willd.
- Pancovia floribunda Pellegr.
- Pancovia golungensis (Hiern) Exell & Mendonça
- Pancovia harmsiana Gilg
- Pancovia heckeli Claudel
- Pancovia hildebrandtii Gilg
- Pancovia holtzii Gilg ex Radlk. subsp. faulknerae Verdc.
- Pancovia holtzii Gilg ex Radlk. subsp. holtzii
- Pancovia laurentii (De Wild.) Gilg ex De Wild.
- Pancovia le-testui Pellegr.
- Pancovia macrophylla Gilg
- Pancovia mortehanii De Wild.
- Pancovia pedicellaris Radlk. & Gilg
- Pancovia polyantha Gilg ex Engl.
- Pancovia sessiliflora Hutch. & Dalziel
- Pancovia subcuneata Radlk.
- Pancovia thyrsiflora Gilg ex Radlk.
- Pancovia turbinata Radlk.
- Pappea capensis Eckl. & Zeyh.
- Pappea capensis Eckl. & Zeyh. var. radkloferi (Schweinf. ex Radlk.) Schinz
- Pappea fulva Conrath
- Pappea radlkoferi Penz. ex Schweinf.
- Pappea radlkoferi Penz. ex Schweinf. var. angolensis Schltr.
- Pappea ugandensis Baker f.
- Paullinia cupana Kunth - Guarana
- Paullinia diversifolia Jacq. - >>serjania Diversifolia
- Paullinia fuscescens Kunth - Moldy Bread And Cheese
- Paullinia L. - Bread And Cheese
- Paullinia pinnata L. - Bread And Cheese
- Paullinia pinnata L.
- Paullinia yoco R. E. Schultes & Killip - Yoco
- Phialodiscus laurentii (De Wild.) Radlk.
- Phialodiscus mortehanii De Wild.
- Phialodiscus plurijugatus Radlk.
- Phialodiscus unijugatus (Baker) Radlk.
- Phialodiscus verschuerenii De Wild.
- Phialodiscus welwitschii Hiern
- Phialodiscus zambesiacus (Baker) Radlk.
- Placodiscus amaniensis Radlk.
- Placodiscus angustifolius Radlk.
- Placodiscus attenuatus J.B.Hall
- Placodiscus bancoensis Aubrév. & Pellegr.
- Placodiscus boya Aubrév. & Pellegr.
- Placodiscus boya auct.
- Placodiscus bracteosus J.B.Hall
- Placodiscus caudatus Pierre ex Radlk.
- Placodiscus cuneatus auct.
- Placodiscus cuneatus Radlk.
- Placodiscus gimbiensis Hauman
- Placodiscus glandulosus Radlk.
- Placodiscus leptostachys auct.
- Placodiscus leptostachys Radlk.
- Placodiscus letestui Pellegr.
- Placodiscus oblongifolius J.B.Hall
- Placodiscus opacus Radlk.
- Placodiscus paniculatus Hauman
- Placodiscus pedicellatus F.G.Davies
- Placodiscus pseudostipularis Radlk.
- Placodiscus pynaertii De Wild.
- Placodiscus resendeanus Exell & Mendonça
- Placodiscus riparius auct.
- Placodiscus riparius Keay
- Placodiscus splendidus Keay
- Placodiscus turbinatus Radlk.
- Pseudopancovia heteropetala Pellegr.
- Ptelea viscosa L. - >>dodonaea Viscosa
- Radlkofera calodendron Gilg
- Ratonia domingensis DC. - >>matayba Domingensis
- Sapindus drummondii - Western Soapberry
- Sapindus drummondii Hook. & Arn. - >>sapindus Saponaria Var. Drummondii
- Sapindus lonomea St. John - >>sapindus Oahuensis
- Sapindus marginatus - Soapberry
- Sapindus marginatus Willd. - >>sapindus Saponaria Var. Saponaria
- Sapindus mukorossi Gaertner - Chinese Soapberry
- Sapindus oahuensis Hbd. ex Radlk. - Lonomea
- Sapindus oblongifolius (E.Mey. ex Arn.) Sond.
- Sapindus pappea Sond.
- Sapindus saponaria L. - Wingleaf Soapberry
- Sapindus saponaria L.
- Sapindus saponaria L. var. saponaria - Wingleaf Soapberry
- Sapindus thurstonii Rock - >>sapindus Saponaria Var. Saponaria
- Sapindus trifoliatus L. - Threeleaf Soapberry
- Sapindus trifoliatus L.
- Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken - Lac Tree
- Schleichera trijuga Willd.
- Schleichera Willd. - Schleichera
- Schmidelia alnifolia Baker
- Schmidelia decipens Sond.
- Schmidelia dregeana Sond.
- Schmidelia leucocarpa Sond.
- Schmidelia melanocarpa Sond.
- Schmidelia minutiflora Mattei
- Schmidelia monophylla C.Presl
- Schmidelia natalensis Sond.
- Schmidelia oblongifolia Baker
- Schmidelia occidentalis Sw. - >>allophylus Racemosus
- Schmidelia reflexa Baker
- Schmidelia repanda Baker
- Serjania brachycarpa Gray - Littlefruit Slipplejack
- Serjania diversifolia (Jacq.) Radlk. - Fowlsfoot
- Serjania incisa Torr. - Slashleaf Slipplejack
- Serjania P. Mill. - Serjania
- Serjania polyphylla (L.) Radlk. - Basketwood
- Smelophyllum capense (Sond.) Radlk.
- Stadmannia oppositifolia Lam. subsp. oppositifolia
- Stadmannia oppositifolia Lam. subsp. rhodesica Exell
- Stadmannia sideroxylon DC.
- Thouinia Poit. - Thouinia
- Thouinia portoricensis Radlk. - >>thouinia Striata Var. Portoricensis
- Thouinia striata Radlk. - Ceboruquillo
- Thouinia striata Radlk. var. portoricensis (Radlk.) Votava & Alain - Puerto Rico Ceboruquillo
- Thouinia striata Radlk. var. striata - Ceboruquillo
- Thyana portoricensis (Radlk.) Britt. - >>thouinia Striata Var. Portoricensis
- Thyana striata (Radlk.) Britt. - >>thouinia Striata Var. Striata
- Ungnadia Endl. - Ungnadia
- Ungnadia speciosa Endl. - Mexican Buckeye
- Urvillea Kunth - Urvillea
- Urvillea ulmacea Kunth - Apaac
- Xanthoceras Bunge - Xanthoceras
- Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge
- Zanha africana (Radlk.) Exell
- Zanha golungensis Hiern