Overview
Polypodium calirhiza S. Whitmore & A.R. Sm., commonly known as California polypody, is a perennial fern that is native to the western United States.
Appearance
This fern typically grows to be about 10-30 cm tall and has fronds that are pinnate with slightly toothed margins. The fronds arise from a horizontal, creeping rhizome that is covered in brown scales. The rhizome can be up to 20 cm long and 0.5 cm thick.
Habitat
California polypody is found in a variety of habitats, including dry slopes, rocky outcrops, and forest understories. It is often found growing in association with other ferns, such as Adiantum jordanii.
Uses
California polypody has historically been used by Native Americans for a variety of medicinal and cultural purposes. The fern was used in poultices to treat headaches and to relieve pain after childbirth. It was also used in basketry and as a food source.
Today, California polypody is primarily grown as an ornamental plant and is commonly used in native plant gardens and xeriscapes. The fern is also used in erosion control projects due to its ability to stabilize soil on steep slopes.
Light requirements
Polypodium calirhiza S. Whitmore & A.R. Sm. typically grows well in areas with filtered light or partial shade. It is not recommended to expose the plant to direct sunlight for extended periods as it may cause leaf burn and hinder its growth. Hence, it is best to grow these plants indoors with an east-facing or shaded window.
Temperature requirements
The plant thrives in warm temperatures between 70 to 85 degrees Fahrenheit during the day and 60 to 65 degrees Fahrenheit at night. They do not tolerate extreme temperatures and should be placed in areas with consistent temperature and humidity levels. Sudden temperature changes may cause leaf drop or discoloration.
Soil requirements
Polypodium calirhiza S. Whitmore & A.R. Sm. prefers well-draining soil with high organic matter content. The soil pH should be between 6 to 7.5, and it should be watered to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. These plants are sensitive to overwatering, and it is important not to let the soil dry out completely.
Cultivation of Polypodium calirhiza S. Whitmore & A.R. Sm.
Polypodium calirhiza S. Whitmore & A.R. Sm. is a tropical fern species that loves growing in humid conditions. To cultivate this plant, it is recommended to choose a suitable location with an appropriate amount of sunlight and shade. A location with bright but indirect light is ideal for its growth.
It is also recommended to choose a well-draining soil mix, that can retain enough moisture without getting waterlogged. You can create a soil mix by mixing peat moss, perlite, and sand to create a well-draining soil mix that can retain moisture.
Watering needs of Polypodium calirhiza S. Whitmore & A.R. Sm.
As Polypodium calirhiza S. Whitmore & A.R. Sm. loves growing in humid environments, it is recommended to keep the soil moist at all times. Water the plant regularly, but do not overwater it, as it may lead to waterlogging and root rot. You may also need to water it more frequently during the dry seasons to keep the soil moist.
Fertilization
Polypodium calirhiza S. Whitmore & A.R. Sm. does not require frequent fertilization, but you can add fertilizer to provide nutrients to the plant. Use a balanced fertilizer with equal proportions of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Fertilize the plant once every month during the growing season. Avoid fertilizing the plant during the dormant season when it is not actively growing.
Pruning
Polypodium calirhiza S. Whitmore & A.R. Sm. does not require frequent pruning as it is a slow-growing plant. However, remove any dead or yellowed leaves as they may attract pests or fungal infection. You may also prune the plant if it has overgrown its space or has become too bushy.
Propagation of Polypodium calirhiza S. Whitmore & A.R. Sm.
Polypodium calirhiza, commonly known as the California polypody, can be propagated by spores, division, or through vegetative propagation.
Propagation by Spores
The most common method of propagation for Polypodium calirhiza is through spores. Spores can be collected from mature fronds and sown in a mixture of peat and sand. Spores should be placed in a warm and humid environment for germination. Once the spores have germinated, they can be transplanted to individual pots to allow for further growth.
Propagation by Division
Polypodium calirhiza can also be propagated through division. This method involves dividing the mature plant into smaller sections, each containing a portion of the rhizome. These sections can be planted individually and will grow into new plants over time. Division is best done during the plant's active growth period in the spring or early summer.
Propagation by Vegetative Propagation
Vegetative propagation is another method for propagating Polypodium calirhiza. This method involves taking stem cuttings from the mature plant and rooting them in a rooting hormone and then planting them in soil. These cuttings should be taken during the plant's active growth period in the spring or early summer.
Overall, Polypodium calirhiza can be propagated successfully through spores, division, or vegetative propagation. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, and the ideal method will depend on the grower's preference and the plant's needs.
Disease Management
Polypodium calirhiza is generally a hardy plant species that can resist most diseases if grown in the appropriate environmental conditions. However, some diseases can still affect this plant.
The most common disease affecting Polypodium calirhiza is leaf spot. It is a fungal disease characterized by dark spots on the leaves that usually grow and merge together. To manage this disease, remove affected parts of the plant and discard them. Spray the remaining parts with an appropriate fungicide.
Another disease that can affect Polypodium calirhiza is root rot, which is also caused by fungus. Symptoms of root rot include a bad smell, yellowing leaves, and drooping foliage. To manage this disease, remove the infected plant and its soil. Clean the pot and plant with an antifungal solution, and then replant in fresh soil.
Pest Management
While pests are not a common occurrence in Polypodium calirhiza, they can cause significant damage to the plant. The main pests that affect Polypodium calirhiza are mealybugs and spider mites.
Mealybugs are small white pests that can appear on the underside of leaves and the soil. They suck sap from the plant, causing it to weaken and eventually die. To manage an infestation, spray the affected parts of the plant with insecticidal soap or neem oil. You can also use a cotton swab dipped in alcohol to wipe each mealybug off.
Spider mites are tiny pests that spin webs, and are typically found on the underside of the leaves. They feed on sap, causing the leaves to turn yellow and fall off. To manage an infestation, rinse the plant with water to remove the spider mites. Spray the plant with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Regular inspection of the plant can help you spot and manage any potential pest or disease problem early. Always use appropriate protective gear when handling chemicals for pest and disease control, and follow instructions carefully to ensure the safety of the plant and environment.
