Overview
Metastelma leptocladon (Dcne.) Schlechter, also known as Barbasco de Cerro, is a species of flowering plant in the Apocynaceae family. It is endemic to Mexico and can be found in the states of Chiapas, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosí, and Veracruz.Description
Metastelma leptocladon is a perennial herb that can grow up to 70 cm in height. It has hairless, thin, and twining stems, with branches that are divergent to ascending. The leaves are oppositely arranged, elongated, and narrow, measuring 5-12 cm long and 0.4-1 cm wide. The inflorescences are axillary or terminal and consist of pedunculate cymes with 4-20 flowers. The flowers are yellowish-green and have a corolla that is hairy inside, with a diameter of 10-12 mm. The fruit is a follicle that measures about 12 cm long, and the seeds are flat, with a tuft of white hairs at one end.Uses
Metastelma leptocladon is used in traditional medicine as a folk remedy for various ailments. The roots and seeds contain cardiac glycosides, which have been shown to have potential for the treatment of heart conditions such as arrhythmia, heart failure, and angina. The plant is also used as a fish poison, as the roots and leaves contain rotenone, a natural insecticide that can paralyze fish, making them easier to catch.Cultivation
Metastelma leptocladon can be propagated through seeds or stem cuttings. It prefers well-drained soils and full sunlight but can tolerate partial shade. The plant is drought-tolerant and can withstand occasional frosts. Once established, it requires little maintenance and can be pruned to control its size and shape. However, due to its potential toxicity, it is not commonly grown in home gardens.Light Requirements
Metastelma leptocladon prefers bright but filtered sunlight. Direct sunlight exposure for a prolonged period can damage the plant. Therefore, it’s better to place the plant in a location where it will receive bright but indirect sunlight.
Temperature Requirements
This plant prefers a warm and humid environment. The ideal temperature for Metastelma leptocladon is between 60-80°F. Low temperatures can shock the plant and slow down its growth, while extreme heat can lead to dehydration and wilting.
Soil Requirements
The soil for Metastelma leptocladon should be well-draining and fertile. The pH level of the soil should be slightly acidic with a pH range between 5.5-6.5. The addition of compost or other organic matter to the soil will help maintain soil fertility and improve drainage. It’s also important to ensure that the soil is not waterlogged as this can lead to root rot.
Cultivation Methods
Metastelma leptocladon (Dcne.) Schlechter is a plant that thrives in hot and dry conditions, making it a perfect choice for outdoor cultivation. It is a hardy plant that can withstand various weather conditions and seasons.
To cultivate Metastelma leptocladon, ensure the plant is grown in well-draining soil, rich in organic matter. The plant enjoys full sunlight and should be planted in an area exposed to at least six hours of sunlight per day.
The best time to plant the Metastelma leptocladon is during the spring season or early summer. Ensure that the plant is protected from wind and extreme heat during the early phases of growth.
Watering Needs
Metastelma leptocladon requires moderate watering, especially in the hot and dry season. When watering the plant, ensure that the soil is moist and not soaking wet. You should allow the soil to dry out slightly before watering again. Overwatering can lead to root rot or attract pests to the plant.
During the winter season, reduce watering by half as the plant goes into its dormant period.
Fertilization
The Metastelma leptocladon plant needs to be regularly fertilized to support the growth of the plant. Fertilize the plant every two weeks using a slow-release, balanced fertilizer during the growing season.
Ensure that you do not over-fertilize as this can lead to excessive vegetative growth at the expense of flowers or attract pests to the plant.
Pruning
Metastelma leptocladon requires minimal pruning to maintain its shape and appearance. The plant's stems can be pruned to promote bushier growth or to remove any damaged or diseased stems. Prune in the late fall or early winter season before the plant goes into its dormant phase.
You can also deadhead the spent flowers during the flowering season to promote new blooms.
Propagation of Metastelma leptocladon (Dcne.) Schlechter
Metastelma leptocladon (Dcne.) Schlechter, also known as the Balsam Milkweed, can be propagated through both seed and stem cuttings.
Seed Propagation
The seeds of Metastelma leptocladon require stratification. Seeds need to be stored in a cool, moist medium for up to three months before they can be sown. After stratification, sow the seeds in well-draining soil mix in a pot.
Keep the soil moist and in a bright spot, but not in direct sunlight. The seedlings should emerge in two to four weeks.
Transplant the seedlings into larger pots when they’re larger and more established. After approximately six to eight weeks, the seedlings can be transplanted into the ground.
Stem Cutting Propagation
Another way to propagate Metastelma leptocladon is through stem cuttings. Take stem cuttings during the active growing season, which is typically during the summer season.
The cuttings should have at least two nodes and be approximately four inches long. Dip the cuttings into rooting hormone and place them in a moist, well-draining potting mix.
Place the pot in bright, indirect sunlight and keep the soil consistently moist until the cuttings have rooted and developed new growth. Once the new growth is established, the new plant can be transplanted into a larger pot or into the ground.
Disease Management
Metastelma leptocladon is susceptible to a few diseases, which affect its growth and productivity. Gray mold is a common fungal disease that affects the leaves, stems, and flowers of the plant. It is caused by the Botrytis cinerea fungus, and it thrives in cool and humid conditions. To manage gray mold, prune the affected parts of the plant, improve air circulation, avoid overwatering, and apply fungicides. Other common diseases that affect Metastelma leptocladon include leaf spot, powdery mildew, and black spot. Good plant hygiene and the use of disease-resistant varieties can help to manage these diseases.
Pest Management
A few pests can cause damage to Metastelma leptocladon, affecting its growth and productivity. Aphids are soft-bodied insects that suck the sap from the leaves and stems of the plant, causing stunted growth and wilting. Spider mites are tiny arachnids that feed on the plant's leaves, causing yellowing and necrosis. To manage pests, inspect the plant regularly, remove and destroy any infested parts, and apply insecticidal soaps or oils. Beneficial insects, such as ladybugs and lacewings, can also help to control pest populations naturally.
