Description of Humulus scandens auct. non (Lour.) Merr.
Humulus scandens auct. non (Lour.) Merr. is a species of flowering plant in the Cannabaceae family and is native to Asia, including China, Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand. It is a climbing vine that grows up to 6 meters in height and has large, heart-shaped leaves that are about 10-15 cm in length.
Common names
The plant is commonly known as the Chinese hop, climbing hop, or Japanese hop.
Uses
The plant has a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine for treating a variety of ailments, including arthritis, fever, and inflammation. The leaves and stems of the plant are believed to have antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The dried fruit of the plant is also used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat insomnia, anxiety, and other nervous conditions.
In addition to its medicinal properties, the plant is also used in brewing beer. The plant's flowers contain a resinous substance called lupulin, which is used as a bittering agent in beer production.
General appearance
The Chinese hop is a fast-growing, deciduous vine with a woody stem that can climb up to 6 meters in height. It has large, heart-shaped leaves that are about 10-15 cm in length and serrated margins. The plant produces greenish-yellow flowers in late summer, which are followed by clusters of cone-shaped fruits that are about 3 cm long. The fruits contain small, brownish-yellow seeds that are scattered by the wind.
Growth Conditions for Humulus scandens
Humulus scandens, commonly known as Japanese hops, is a climbing vine that is native to East Asia and widely cultivated across the world. The plant is known for its vigorous growth and has been categorized as an invasive species in some regions.
Light Requirements
The plant requires full sunlight to ensure proper growth and development. It is recommended to plant the hops in a location that receives at least six hours of direct sunlight per day.
Temperature Requirements
The plant thrives in temperate climates with an optimal temperature range between 15-20°C (59-68°F) during the growing season. Temperatures that exceed 30°C (86°F) can negatively impact plant growth and yield.
Soil Requirements
Humulus scandens prefers well-drained soils that are rich in organic matter. The plant's root system requires a deep soil profile, and the soil should be kept consistently moist throughout the growing season.
The ideal soil pH range for the plant is between 6.5-8.0. It is recommended to amend the soil with lime or sulfur as necessary to maintain the desired pH level.
Additionally, the plant requires adequate space and support for its rapid growth and climbing habit. Trellises or other forms of support should be provided to ensure proper growth and to prevent damage to surrounding plants and structures.
Cultivation Methods
Humulus scandens auct. non (Lour.) Merr., commonly known as Japanese hop, is a fast-growing plant that requires a warm and humid climate to thrive. You can plant it in the spring or autumn season. The soil should be well-draining and loose enough to create air pockets for the plant's roots to penetrate easily. It would be best to use a trellis or fence to support the plant's vines, as they can grow up to six feet long.
Watering Needs
Japanese hop is a moisture-loving plant, and it requires consistent watering for optimal growth and development. You should water it deeply at least once a week during the warmer seasons and reduce watering during the colder months. However, be cautious not to overwater the plant, as this can lead to root rot and other diseases. Check the soil moisture level regularly and ensure that the top inch of soil remains moist but not waterlogged.
Fertilization
Fertilizing the Japanese hop plant is crucial for maintaining its lush green foliage and promoting flowering. Ideally, you should apply a balanced organic or chemical fertilizer once every two weeks during the growing season. However, avoid fertilizing the plant during winter or the dormant season. Overapplication of fertilizer can damage the plant's roots and lead to stunted growth or death.
Pruning
Pruning the Japanese hop plant is vital for preserving its shape and reducing the risk of disease and pest infestation. You can prune the plant in late winter or early spring before new growth begins. Start by removing all the dead or weak branches and vines. Next, trim back the remaining vines to promote new growth. Be careful not to prune too much, as this may reduce the plant's ability to produce cones and leaves. Additionally, ensure to dispose of the pruned parts properly to prevent the spread of disease.
Propagation Methods for Humulus scandens
Humulus scandens is commonly known as Japanese hops or Chinese Cinnamon hops. It is a perennial climbing plant that is native to East Asia and is often grown for ornamental purposes. Propagation is the process of creating new plants from existing ones. There are several methods of propagating Humulus scandens, and some of them include:
Seed Propagation
The easiest and cheapest method of propagating Humulus scandens is through seed propagation. Collect mature cones from female plants and extract the seeds by crushing the cones. Sow the seeds in well-draining soil in pots or seed trays and cover them with a thin layer of soil. Water the soil lightly, and then cover the pot with a plastic bag to keep the humidity levels high. Place the pot in a cold frame or greenhouse, maintaining the right temperature and moisture level for the germination of seeds.
Cuttings Propagation
Cuttings propagation is another method of propagating Humulus scandens. Take cuttings from the tips of healthy shoots and dip the cut end in rooting hormone. Plant the cuttings in moist, well-draining soil in containers or directly in the garden soil. Cover the pot or the planted cuttings with plastic to create a humid environment that encourages root growth.
Division Propagation
Division propagation is the process of dividing an established plant into smaller pieces. It is a reliable method of propagating Humulus scandens. Wait for the plant to become dormant, and then dig up the plant carefully, ensuring that all the roots and shoots remain intact. Divide the plant into smaller pieces, making sure that each section has roots and shoots. Plant the sections into the desired location in soil that has been prepared with compost or other organic matter.
Disease and Pest Management for Humulus scandens
Humulus scandens, commonly known as Japanese hops or Asian hops, can be vulnerable to various diseases and pests. Here are some of the common ones and their management:
Diseases
Downy mildew: Downy mildew can cause yellow spots on the upper surface of the leaves and a greyish-white growth underneath. It can lead to defoliation and stunted growth. To manage downy mildew, it is best to remove and destroy infected leaves and shoots. Maintain proper spacing between plants and avoid overhead irrigation. Fungicides can also be used as a preventative measure.
Black root rot: Black root rot causes wilting, yellowing, and stunted growth in infected plants. The roots will have black lesions, and the plant may eventually die. Management strategies for black root rot include removing and destroying infected plants. Proper soil drainage is also important to prevent the disease from spreading.
Powdery mildew: Powdery mildew can cause white or grayish powder-like growth on the leaves and stems of the plant. It can lead to stunted growth, distorted leaves, and premature leaf drop. To manage powdery mildew, it is best to remove and destroy infected plant parts. Proper spacing and air circulation are important to prevent the disease from spreading. Fungicides can also be used as a preventative measure.
Pests
Spider mites: Spider mites are tiny, spider-like pests that can cause yellowing and stippling of leaves and ultimately lead to defoliation. To manage spider mites, it is important to maintain proper watering and fertilization to keep plants healthy and less susceptible to infestation. Introducing predatory mites or using insecticidal soap can also help control spider mites.
Japanese beetles: Japanese beetles are metallic green and bronze-colored beetles that can cause skeletonization of leaves and defoliation. To manage Japanese beetles, handpicking them off the plants early in the morning can be effective. Applying insecticides or using pheromone traps can also be used as a last resort.
Aphids: Aphids are small, soft-bodied insects that can cause curling or yellowing of leaves, sticky honeydew, and stunted growth. To manage aphids, using a strong stream of water to knock them off the plants can be effective. Ladybugs and lacewings are natural predators that can be introduced to control aphid populations. Insecticidal soap can also be used as a last resort.
