Overview of Gentianaceae
Gentianaceae is a family of flowering plants that includes over 1,600 species across more than 100 genera. This family was first described by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in 1789, and it is named after the genus Gentiana, which is the largest genus in the family. Most members of this family are herbaceous plants, but there are also some shrubs and trees.
Classification and Taxonomy
Gentianaceae belongs to the order Gentianales, which also includes the families Apocynaceae, Loganiaceae, and Rubiaceae. Within Gentianaceae, there are three subfamilies: Gentianoideae, Helieae, and Swertiodeae. These subfamilies are distinguished based on their floral morphology, seed coat structure, and phylogenetic relationships.
The Gentianoideae, or gentian subfamily, is the largest of the three subfamilies and includes many of the most well-known genera, such as Gentiana, Swertia, and Centaurium. Members of this subfamily are characterized by their tubular, sympetalous flowers with a crown of appendages on the corolla. The Helieae subfamily includes only one genus, Helia, and is distinguished by its herbaceous habit, opposite leaves, and solitary flower heads. Finally, the Swertiodeae subfamily includes several genera, such as Swertiam, Enicostema, and Halenia, and is characterized by its radial, sympetalous flowers with a flat or slightly domed corolla.
Unique Characteristics
One of the most distinctive features of the Gentianaceae family is their bright, showy flowers. Many members of this family have large, trumpet-shaped or star-shaped flowers in shades of blue, purple, and pink. In addition, members of this family often have bitter-tasting compounds in their tissues, which have been used for medicinal purposes for centuries. For example, extracts from the roots and leaves of Gentiana lutea (yellow gentian) have been used to stimulate digestion and appetite, while the leaves of Swertia chirayita (chirata) have been used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat fever and liver disorders.
Another interesting characteristic of Gentianaceae is the morphology of their seeds. Members of this family typically have seeds with a unique embryonic structure known as astralobe, which is composed of a central mass of cells surrounded by numerous long, finger-like projections. This structure is thought to aid in the dispersal of the seeds by wind or water.
Distribution of Gentianaceae
Gentianaceae is a family of flowering plants that is widely distributed throughout the world. The family is often found in temperate regions of the Americas, Europe, Asia, and Africa. Despite its widespread distribution, the family is more diverse in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.
The family consists of approximately 1,300 species that are grouped into 87 genera. Some of the most well-known genera include Gentiana, Swertia, and Centaurium. Gentiana is the largest genus, with over 400 species, and is found in nearly every continent.
Habitat of Gentianaceae
The natural habitats of Gentianaceae are diverse, depending on the climate and geography of the region. The family can be found in a variety of habitats, including meadows, mountainsides, rocky outcrops, forests, and wetlands.
Plants from this family are known for their ability to tolerate extreme conditions. They can grow in a wide range of soils from alkaline to acidic, and can thrive in both sunny and shady locations. The family includes both annual and perennial species that exhibit a variety of growth habits, including creeping, erect, and climbing.
Some species of Gentianaceae have adapted to specific environments. For example, Gentiana pyrenaica grows in rocky areas in the Pyrenees Mountains, while Gentiana lutea prefers calcareous soils in alpine meadows.
Ecological Preferences and Adaptations of Gentianaceae
Gentianaceae species are often adapted to temperate climates, and some species thrive in cold Arctic regions. The family includes both drought-tolerant and water-loving species. The plants typically have deep root systems that help them survive during periods of drought.
Some species have also adapted to resist grazing by animals. For example, Gentiana verna contains bitter compounds that make it unpalatable to grazing animals. This allows the plant to thrive in areas where other vegetation is being consumed by animals.
Gentianaceae species also have ecological importance. Some species, such as Gentiana lutea, are used in traditional herbal medicine to treat digestive conditions and other ailments. The family is also important for ecological restoration purposes, as many species have extensive root systems that help prevent soil erosion.
General morphology and structure
Plants belonging to the Gentianaceae family are mainly herbaceous, but can also be shrubs or trees. They have a simple stem and leaves that can be opposite or whorled. The flowers are usually showy and have a trumpet-shaped corolla, with four or five petals that are fused at the base. The calyx is also cup-shaped and has four or five lobes. The fruit is a capsule containing numerous small seeds.Anatomical features and adaptations
One of the key anatomical features of Gentianaceae plants is their ability to produce bitter compounds, such as iridoids and secoiridoids, which are responsible for their medicinal properties. The plants also have a well-developed root system that allows them to survive in harsh environments, with some species being able to grow in high-altitude regions with low nutrient availability.Leaf shapes and flower structures
The leaves of Gentianaceae plants can be lanceolate, oblong, or ovate in shape, and some species have adapted to harsh environments by developing succulent leaves that can store water. The flowers are often blue or purple in color, but can also be white, yellow, or pink. Some species have unique adaptations, such as the closed flowers of the genus Gentiana, which prevent self-pollination by requiring a specific pollinator to open the flower and access the nectar.Distinctive characteristics
Apart from their bitter compounds and unique adaptations, Gentianaceae plants are also known for their use in traditional medicine, as well as in the production of herbal digestive bitters and liqueurs, such as the popular Italian amaro. Some species, such as the yellow gentian (Gentiana lutea), have also been used in the production of dyes and perfumes. Overall, the Gentianaceae family is a diverse and important group of plants that exhibit a wide range of unique characteristics and adaptations.Reproductive strategies in Gentianaceae family
The Gentianaceae family is known for employing a range of reproductive strategies that ensure their continued survival and propagation. Some of the most common mechanisms include self-pollination, cross-pollination, and vegetative propagation.Mechanisms of Reproduction
In many plants in the Gentianaceae family, both male and female reproductive organs are present in the same flower. This arrangement ensures that self-pollination can occur. Many species have also developed elaborate mechanisms to promote cross-pollination, such as producing brightly-colored, nectar-rich flowers.Flowering patterns and pollination strategies
The flowering patterns and pollination strategies of plants in the Gentianaceae family vary significantly between species. Many flowers produce brightly-colored petals and strong scents to attract pollinators such as bees, butterflies, and moths. Others, however, exhibit cleistogamy, a self-pollinating mechanism in which flowers do not open and fertilization occurs within the closed buds.Seed dispersal methods and adaptations
The Gentianaceae family has evolved a range of adaptations to facilitate effective seed dispersal. Some species produce fruits that are carried away by the wind, while others rely on animals to transport their seeds. Some plants in this family produce explosive fruits that fling their seeds away from the parent plant, while others rely on water to carry their seeds to new locations. In conclusion, the Gentianaceae family is a fascinating group of plants that employs a range of reproductive strategies to ensure their continued survival. While many of these mechanisms are similar to those found in other plant families, unique adaptations make many species in this family stand out. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for conservation, allowing us to protect and preserve the rich biodiversity of the Gentianaceae family.Featured plants from the Gentianaceae family
More plants from the Gentianaceae family
- Adenema hyssopifolia (Willd.) G.Don
- Adenopogon stellarioides Welw.
- Amarella acuta (Michx.) Raf. - >>gentianella Amarella Ssp. Acuta
- Amarella plebeja (Ledeb. ex Spreng.) Greene - >>gentianella Amarella Ssp. Acuta
- Amarella plebeja (Ledeb. ex Spreng.) Greene var. holmii (Wettst.) Rydb. - >>gentianella Amarella Ssp. Acuta
- Amarella scopulorum Greene - >>gentianella Amarella Ssp. Heterosepala
- Amarella strictiflora (Rydb.) Greene - >>gentianella Amarella Ssp. Acuta
- Anthocleista auriculata De Wild.
- Anthocleista auriculata De Wild.
- Anthocleista baertsiana De Wild. & T.Durand
- Anthocleista baertsiana De Wild. & T.Durand
- Anthocleista bequaertii De Wild.
- Anthocleista bequaertii De Wild.
- Anthocleista buchneri Gilg
- Anthocleista buchneri Gilg
- Anthocleista djalonensis A.Chev.
- Anthocleista djalonensis A.Chev.
- Anthocleista exelliana Monod
- Anthocleista exelliana Monod
- Anthocleista frezoulsii A.Chev.
- Anthocleista frezoulsii A.Chev.
- Anthocleista gabonensis Hort. ex Gentil
- Anthocleista gabonensis Hort. ex Gentil
- Anthocleista gigantea Gilg
- Anthocleista gigantea Gilg
- Anthocleista gossweileri Exell
- Anthocleista gossweileri Exell
- Anthocleista grandiflora Gilg
- Anthocleista grandiflora Gilg
- Anthocleista inermis Engl.
- Anthocleista inermis Engl.
- Anthocleista insignis Galpin
- Anthocleista insignis Galpin
- Anthocleista insulana S.Moore
- Anthocleista insulana S.Moore
- Anthocleista kalbreyeri Baker
- Anthocleista kalbreyeri Baker
- Anthocleista kamerunensis Gilg
- Anthocleista kamerunensis Gilg
- Anthocleista keniensis Summerh.
- Anthocleista keniensis Summerh.
- Anthocleista kerstingii Gilg ex Volkens
- Anthocleista kerstingii Gilg ex Volkens
- Anthocleista lanceolata Gilg
- Anthocleista lanceolata Gilg
- Anthocleista laurentii De Wild.
- Anthocleista laurentii De Wild.
- Anthocleista laxiflora Baker
- Anthocleista laxiflora Baker
- Anthocleista liebrechtsiana De Wild. & T.Durand
- Anthocleista liebrechtsiana De Wild. & T.Durand
- Anthocleista macrantha Gilg
- Anthocleista macrantha Gilg
- Anthocleista macrocalyx Philipson
- Anthocleista macrocalyx Philipson
- Anthocleista macrophylla G.Don
- Anthocleista macrophylla G.Don
- Anthocleista magnifica Gilg
- Anthocleista magnifica Gilg
- Anthocleista micrantha Gilg & Mildbr. ex Hutch. & Dalziel
- Anthocleista micrantha Gilg & Mildbr. ex Hutch. & Dalziel
- Anthocleista microphylla Wernham
- Anthocleista microphylla Wernham
- Anthocleista niamniamensis Gilg
- Anthocleista niamniamensis Gilg
- Anthocleista nigrescens Afzel. ex Gilg
- Anthocleista nigrescens Afzel. ex Gilg
- Anthocleista nobilis G.Don
- Anthocleista nobilis G.Don
- Anthocleista obanensis Wernham
- Anthocleista obanensis Wernham
- Anthocleista orientalis Gilg
- Anthocleista orientalis Gilg
- Anthocleista oubanguiensis Aubrév. & Pellegr.
- Anthocleista oubanguiensis Aubrév. & Pellegr.
- Anthocleista parviflora Baker
- Anthocleista parviflora Baker
- Anthocleista procera Lepr. ex A.Chev. var. parviflora (Baker) A.Chev.
- Anthocleista procera Lepr. ex A.Chev. var. parviflora (Baker) A.Chev.
- Anthocleista procera Lepr. ex A.Chev. var. umbellata A.Chev.
- Anthocleista procera Lepr. ex A.Chev. var. umbellata A.Chev.
- Anthocleista procera Lepr. ex Bureau
- Anthocleista procera Lepr. ex Bureau
- Anthocleista pulcherrima Gilg
- Anthocleista pulcherrima Gilg
- Anthocleista pynaertii De Wild.
- Anthocleista pynaertii De Wild.
- Anthocleista scandens Hook.
- Anthocleista scandens Hook.
- Anthocleista scheffleri Gilg ex Scheffler
- Anthocleista scheffleri Gilg ex Scheffler
- Anthocleista schweinfurthii Gilg
- Anthocleista schweinfurthii Gilg
- Anthocleista squamata De Wild. & T.Durand
- Anthocleista squamata De Wild. & T.Durand
- Anthocleista stenantha Philipson
- Anthocleista stenantha Philipson
- Anthocleista stuhlmannii Gilg
- Anthocleista stuhlmannii Gilg
- Anthocleista talbotii Wernham
- Anthocleista talbotii Wernham
- Anthocleista vogelii Planch.
- Anthocleista vogelii Planch.
- Anthocleista zambesiaca Baker
- Anthocleista zambesiaca Baker
- Anthocleista zenkeri Gilg
- Anthocleista zenkeri Gilg
- Anthopogon crinitum (Froel.) Raf. - >>gentianopsis Crinita
- Anthopogon tonsum (Lunell) Rydb. - >>gentianopsis Macounii
- Bartonia iodandra B.L. Robins. - >>bartonia Paniculata Ssp. Iodandra
- Bartonia lanceolata Small - >>bartonia Paniculata Ssp. Paniculata
- Bartonia Muhl. ex Willd. - Screwstem
- Bartonia paniculata (Michx.) Muhl. - Twining Screwstem
- Bartonia paniculata (Michx.) Muhl. ssp. iodandra (B.L. Robins.) J. Gillett - Twining Screwstem
- Bartonia paniculata (Michx.) Muhl. ssp. paniculata - Twining Screwstem
- Bartonia paniculata (Michx.) Muhl. var. intermedia Fern. - >>bartonia Paniculata Ssp. Iodandra
- Bartonia paniculata (Michx.) Muhl. var. iodandra (B.L. Robins.) Fern. - >>bartonia Paniculata Ssp. Iodandra
- Bartonia paniculata (Michx.) Muhl. var. sabulonensis (Fern.) Fern. - >>bartonia Paniculata Ssp. Iodandra
- Bartonia texana Correll - Texas Screwstem
- Bartonia verna (Michx.) Raf. ex Bart. - White Screwstem
- Bartonia virginica (L.) B.S.P. var. paniculata (Michx.) Boivin - >>bartonia Paniculata Ssp. Paniculata
- Bartonia virginica (L.) B.S.P. var. sabulonensis (Fern.) Boivin - >>bartonia Paniculata Ssp. Iodandra
- Belmontia baumiana Gilg
- Belmontia chevalieri Abbayes & Schnell
- Belmontia chionantha Gilg
- Belmontia cordata (L.f.) E.Mey.
- Belmontia cordata (L.f.) E.Mey. var. intermedia (Cham. & Schltdl.) Griseb.
- Belmontia cordata (L.f.) E.Mey. var. micrantha (Cham. & Schltdl.) Griseb.
- Belmontia debilis (Welw.) Benth. & Hook.
- Belmontia debilis (Welw.) Schinz
- Belmontia flanaganii Schinz
- Belmontia gracilis Welw.
- Belmontia grandis E.Mey.
- Belmontia hockii De Wild.
- Belmontia intermedia (Cham. & Schltdl.) Knobl.
- Belmontia luteo-alba A.Chev.
- Belmontia mechowiana Vatke ex Schinz
- Belmontia micrantha (Cham. & Schltdl.) Gilg
- Belmontia natalensis Schinz
- Belmontia ohlendorffii (Eckl. ex Griseb.) Griseb.
- Belmontia oligantha Gilg
- Belmontia platyptera Baker
- Belmontia primuliflora (Welw.) Schinz
- Belmontia pumila Baker
- Belmontia rotundifolia Peter
- Belmontia spathulata E.Mey.
- Belmontia teuszii Schinz
- Belmontia teuszii Schinz var. angustifolia De Wild.
- Belmontia zambesiaca Baker
- Blackstonia perfoliata - Yellow Wort
- Canscora decussata (Roxb.) Roem. & Schult.
- Canscora diffusa (Vahl) R.Br. ex Roem. & Schult.
- Canscora kirkii N.E.Br.
- Canscora tetragona Schinz
- Centaurella paniculata Michx. - >>bartonia Paniculata Ssp. Paniculata
- Centaurella verna Michx. - >>bartonia Verna
- Centaurium arizonicum (Gray) Heller - Arizona Centaury
- Centaurium beyrichii (Torr. & Gray ex Torr.) B.L. Robins. - Quinineweed
- Centaurium beyrichii (Torr. & Gray ex Torr.) B.L. Robins. var. glanduliferum Correll - >>centaurium Glanduliferum
- Centaurium breviflorum (Shinners) B.L. Turner - Shortflower Centaury
- Centaurium brittonii Millsp. & Greenm. - >>centaurium Quitense
- Centaurium calycosum (Buckl.) Fern. - Arizona Centaury
- Centaurium calycosum (Buckl.) Fern. var. arizonicum (Gray) Tidestrom - >>centaurium Arizonicum
- Centaurium calycosum (Buckl.) Fern. var. breviflorum Shinners - >>centaurium Breviflorum
- Centaurium calycosum (Buckl.) Fern. var. nanum (Gray) B.L. Robins. - >>centaurium Calycosum
- Centaurium curvistamineum (Wittr.) Abrams - >>centaurium Muehlenbergii
- Centaurium davyi (Jepson) Abrams - Davy's Centaury
- Centaurium erythraea - Centaury
- Centaurium erythraea Rafn - European Centaury
- Centaurium exaltatum (Griseb.) W. Wight ex Piper - Desert Centaury
- Centaurium flexuosum (Maire) Lebrun & Marais
- Centaurium floribundum (Benth.) B.L. Robins. - >>centaurium Muehlenbergii
- Centaurium glanduliferum (Correll) B.L. Turner - Sticky Centaury
- Centaurium Hill - Centaury
- Centaurium mairei Zeltner
- Centaurium maryannum B.L. Turner - Gypsum Centaury
- Centaurium minus auct. non Moench - >>centaurium Erythraea
- Centaurium minutissimum Maire
- Centaurium muehlenbergii (Griseb.) W. Wight ex Piper - Muhlenberg's Centaury
- Centaurium multicaule B.L. Robins. - Manystem Centaury
- Centaurium namophilum Reveal, Broome & Beatley - Springloving Centaury
- Centaurium namophilum Reveal, Broome & Beatley var. nevadense Broome - >>centaurium Exaltatum
- Centaurium nudicaule (Engelm.) B.L. Robins. - Santa Catalina Mountain Centaury
- Centaurium nuttallii (S. Wats.) Heller - >>centaurium Exaltatum
- Centaurium pulchellum (Sw.) Druce - Branched Centaury
- Centaurium pulchellum (Sw.) Druce
- Centaurium pulchellum (Sw.) Hayek var. lauriolii Maire
- Centaurium pulchellum auct.
- Centaurium quitense (Kunth) B.L. Robins. - Britton's Centaury
- Centaurium sebaeoides (Griseb.) Druce - Lavaslope Centaury
- Centaurium spicatum
- Centaurium spicatum (L.) Fritsch - Spiked Centaury
- Centaurium tenuiflorum (Hoffmanns. & Link) Fritsch
- Centaurium texense (Griseb.) Fern. - Lady Bird's Centaury
- Centaurium trichanthum (Griseb.) B.L. Robins. - Alkali Centaury
- Centaurium umbellatum auct. non Gilib. - >>centaurium Erythraea
- Centaurium venustum (Gray) B.L. Robins. - Charming Centaury
- Centaurium venustum (Gray) B.L. Robins. ssp. abramsii Munz - Charming Centaury
- Centaurium venustum (Gray) B.L. Robins. ssp. venustum - Charming Centaury
- Chironia albiflora Hilliard
- Chironia angolensis Gilg
- Chironia angustifolia Sims
- Chironia arenaria E.Mey.
- Chironia arenaria E.Mey. var. mediocris (Schoch) Prain
- Chironia baccifera L.
- Chironia bachmannii Gilg
- Chironia bansei Prain
- Chironia barclayana Hort. Berol ex Griseb.
- Chironia baumiana Gilg
- Chironia caryophylloides L.
- Chironia cymosa Burm.f.
- Chironia decumbens Levyns
- Chironia decussata Vent.
- Chironia densiflora Scott-Elliot
- Chironia dodecandra L. - >>sabatia Dodecandra Var. Dodecandra
- Chironia ecklonii Schoch
- Chironia elgonensis Bullock
- Chironia emarginata Jaroscz
- Chironia erythraeoides Hiern
- Chironia exigua Oliv.
- Chironia flexuosa Baker
- Chironia floribunda Paxton
- Chironia frutescens L.
- Chironia gracilis Salisb. ex Prain
- Chironia gracilis Salisb. ex Prain var. macrocalyx Prain
- Chironia gratissima S.Moore
- Chironia humilis Gilg
- Chironia humilis Gilg var. wilmsii (Gilg) Prain
- Chironia humilis Gilg var. zuluensis Prain
- Chironia ixifera Hort. ex Garden
- Chironia jasminoides L.
- Chironia katangensis De Wild. subsp. katangensis
- Chironia katangensis De Wild. subsp. verdickii (De Wild.) Boutique
- Chironia krebsii Griseb.
- Chironia latifolia Donn
- Chironia latifolia E.Mey.
- Chironia laxa Gilg
- Chironia laxiflora Baker
- Chironia linoides L. subsp. emarginata (Jaroscz) I.Verd.
- Chironia linoides L. subsp. linoides
- Chironia linoides L. subsp. macrocalyx (Prain) I.Verd.
- Chironia linoides L. subsp. nana I.Verd.
- Chironia lychnoides Berg
- Chironia maritima Eckl.
- Chironia maxima Schoch
- Chironia mediocris Schoch
- Chironia melampyrifolia Lam.
- Chironia nudicaulis L.f.
- Chironia ovata Spreng. ex Griseb.
- Chironia palustris auct.
- Chironia palustris Burch. subsp. palustris
- Chironia palustris Burch. subsp. rosacea (Gilg) I.Verd.
- Chironia palustris Burch. subsp. transvaalensis (Gilg) I.Verd.
- Chironia parvifolia E.Mey.
- Chironia peduncularis Lindl.
- Chironia peglerae Prain
- Chironia perfoliata Eckl.
- Chironia purpurascens (E.Mey.) Benth. & Hook.f. subsp. humilis (Gilg) I.Verd.
- Chironia purpurascens (E.Mey.) Benth. & Hook.f. subsp. purpurascens
- Chironia rosacea Gilg
- Chironia rubrocoerulea Gilg
- Chironia scabrida Griseb.
- Chironia schinzii Schoch
- Chironia schlechteri Schoch
- Chironia serpyllifolia Lehm.
- Chironia speciosa E.Mey.
- Chironia stokoei I.Verd.
- Chironia tabularis Page
- Chironia tetragona L.f.
- Chironia transvaalensis Gilg
- Chironia tysonii Gilg
- Chironia uniflora A.W.Hill
- Chironia uniflora Lam.
- Chironia verdickii De Wild.
- Chironia viscosa Zeyh. ex Griseb.
- Chironia wilmsii Gilg
- Chironia zeyheri Prain
- Chondrophylla aquatica auct. non (L.) W.A. Weber - >>gentiana Fremontii
- Chondrophylla fremontii (Torr.) A. Nels. - >>gentiana Fremontii
- Chondrophylla nutans (Bunge) W.A. Weber - >>gentiana Nutans
- Cicendia Adans. - Cicendia
- Cicendia exaltata Griseb. - >>centaurium Exaltatum
- Cicendia microphylla Edgew.
- Cicendia quadrangularis (Lam.) Griseb. - Oregon Timwort
- Ciminalis fremontii (Torr.) W.A. Weber - >>gentiana Fremontii
- Ciminalis prostrata (Haenke) A.& D. Löve - >>gentiana Prostrata
- Comastoma tenellum (Rottb.) Toyokuni - >>gentianella Tenella Ssp. Tenella
- Congolanthus longidens (N.E.Br.) A.Raynal
- Dasystephana affinis (Griseb.) Rydb. - >>gentiana Affinis
- Dasystephana andrewsii (Griseb.) Small - >>gentiana Andrewsii Var. Andrewsii
- Dasystephana decora (Pollard) Small - >>gentiana Decora
- Dasystephana glauca (Pallas) Rydb. - >>gentiana Glauca
- Dasystephana grayi (Kusnez.) Britt. - >>gentiana Rubricaulis
- Dasystephana interrupta (Greene) Rydb. - >>gentiana Affinis
- Dasystephana latifolia (Chapman) Small - >>gentiana Catesbaei
- Dasystephana linearis (Froel.) Britt. - >>gentiana Linearis
- Dasystephana parvifolia (Chapman) Small - >>gentiana Catesbaei
- Dasystephana porphyrio (J.F. Gmel.) Small - >>gentiana Autumnalis
- Dasystephana puberula (Michx.) Small as to type, non sensu Small - >>gentiana Saponaria Var. Saponaria
- Dasystephana saponaria (L.) Small - >>gentiana Saponaria Var. Saponaria
- Dasystephana tenuifolia (Raf.) Pennell - >>gentiana Pennelliana
- Dasystephana villosa (L.) Small - >>gentiana Villosa
- Djaloniella ypsilostyla P.Taylor
- Enicostema axillare (Lam.) A. Raynal ssp. littorale auct. non (Blume) A. Raynal - >>enicostema Verticillatum
- Enicostema axillare (Lam.) A.Raynal subsp. axillare
- Enicostema axillare (Lam.) A.Raynal subsp. latilobum (N.E.Br.) A.Raynal
- Enicostema Blume - Whitehead
- Enicostema hyssopifolium (Willd.) I.Verd.
- Enicostema latiloba N.E.Br.
- Enicostema littorale auct. non Blume - >>enicostema Verticillatum
- Enicostema littorale Blume
- Enicostema verticillatum (L.) Engl. ex Gilg - Whitehead
- Enicostema verticillatum (L.) Engl. ex Gilg
- Erythraea beyrichii Torr. & Gray ex Torr. - >>centaurium Beyrichii
- Erythraea calycosa Buckl. var. arizonica Gray - >>centaurium Arizonicum
- Erythraea centaurium of authors - >>centaurium Erythraea
- Erythraea compar R.Br.
- Erythraea pulchella (Sw.) Fr. subsp. tenuiflora (Hoffmanns. & Link) Ces.
- Erythraea quitensis Kunth - >>centaurium Quitense
- Erythraea tenuiflora Hoffmanns. & Link
- Eustoma barkleyi Standl. ex Shinners - >>eustoma Exaltatum Ssp. Exaltatum
- Eustoma exaltatum (L.) Salisb. ex G. Don - Catchfly Prairie Gentian
- Eustoma exaltatum (L.) Salisb. ex G. Don ssp. exaltatum - Catchfly Prairie Gentian
- Eustoma exaltatum (L.) Salisb. ex G. Don ssp. russellianum (Hook) Kartesz, comb. nov. ined. - Showy Prairie Gentian
- Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinners - >>eustoma Exaltatum Ssp. Russellianum
- Eustoma russellianum (Hook.) G. Don - >>eustoma Exaltatum Ssp. Russellianum
- Eustoma Salisb. ex G. Don - Prairie Gentian
- Exacum albens L.f.
- Exacum aureum L.f.
- Exacum chilense Bertero - >>cicendia Quadrangularis
- Exacum cordatum L.f.
- Exacum hyssopifolium Willd.
- Exacum inflatum Hook. & Arn. - >>cicendia Quadrangularis
- Exacum oldenlandioides (S.Moore) Klack.
- Exacum quinquenervium auct.
- Exacum zombense N.E.Br.
- Exochaenium bugandense Robyns
- Exochaenium chionanthus (Gilg) Schinz
- Exochaenium debile Welw.
- Exochaenium evrardii Robyns
- Exochaenium exiguum Hill
- Exochaenium gentilii De Wild.
- Exochaenium gracilis (Welw.) Schinz
- Exochaenium grande (E.Mey.) Griseb.
- Exochaenium grande (E.Mey.) Griseb. var. homostylum Hill
- Exochaenium grande (E.Mey.) Griseb. var. major (S.Moore) Schinz
- Exochaenium macranthum Hill
- Exochaenium mechowianum (Vatke ex Schinz) Schinz
- Exochaenium platypterum (Baker) Schinz
- Exochaenium primuliflorum Welw.
- Exochaenium pumilum (Baker) Hill
- Exochaenium pygmaeum Milne-Redh.
- Exochaenium teuszii (Schinz) Schinz
- Exochaenium thomasii (S.Moore) Schinz
- Exochaenium wildemanianum Gilg ex De Wild.
- Faroa acaulis R.E.Fr.
- Faroa acuminata P.Taylor
- Faroa affinis auct.
- Faroa affinis De Wild.
- Faroa alata P.Taylor
- Faroa amara Gilg ex Baker
- Faroa axillaris Baker
- Faroa boehmii Engl.
- Faroa buchananii Baker
- Faroa chalcophila P.Taylor
- Faroa corniculata P.Taylor
- Faroa duvigneaudii Lambinon
- Faroa fanshawei P.Taylor
- Faroa gomphrenoides Engl.
- Faroa graveolens Baker
- Faroa hutchinsonii P.Taylor
- Faroa involucrata (Klotzsch) Knobl.
- Faroa malaissei Bamps
- Faroa minutiflora P.Taylor
- Faroa nyasica N.E.Br.
- Faroa paradoxa Gilg ex De Wild.
- Faroa pusilla Baker
- Faroa pygmaea Mildbr.
- Faroa richardsiae P.Taylor
- Faroa salutaris Welw.
- Faroa schaijesiorum Bamps
- Faroa scheinfurthii Engl. & Knobl.
- Faroa stolzii Gilg
- Faroa wellmanii Prain
- Frasera albicaulis Dougl. ex Griseb. - Whitestem Frasera
- Frasera albicaulis Dougl. ex Griseb. ssp. nitida (Benth.) D.M. Post - >>frasera Albicaulis Var. Nitida
- Frasera albicaulis Dougl. ex Griseb. var. albicaulis - Whitestem Frasera
- Frasera albicaulis Dougl. ex Griseb. var. columbiana (St. John) C.L. Hitchc. - Whitestem Frasera
- Frasera albicaulis Dougl. ex Griseb. var. cusickii (Gray) C.L. Hitchc. - Cusick's Frasera
- Frasera albicaulis Dougl. ex Griseb. var. idahoensis (St. John) C.L. Hitchc. - Idaho Frasera
- Frasera albicaulis Dougl. ex Griseb. var. modocensis (St. John) N. Holmgren - Modoc Frasera
- Frasera albicaulis Dougl. ex Griseb. var. nitida (Benth.) C.L. Hitchc. - Whitestem Frasera
- Frasera albomarginata S. Wats. - Desert Frasera
- Frasera albomarginata S. Wats. var. induta (Tidestrom) Card - >>frasera Albomarginata
- Frasera albomarginata S. Wats. var. purpusii Jepson - >>frasera Puberulenta
- Frasera angustifolia (Rydb.) Rydb. - >>frasera Speciosa
- Frasera caerulea Mulford - >>frasera Albicaulis Var. Cusickii
- Frasera caroliniensis - American Columbo
- Frasera caroliniensis Walt. - American Columbo
- Frasera coerulea Mulford [orthographic variant] - >>frasera Albicaulis Var. Cusickii
- Frasera coloradensis (Rogers) D.M. Post - Colorado Frasera
- Frasera fastigiata (Pursh) Heller - Clustered Green Gentian
- Frasera gypsicola (Barneby) D.M. Post - Sunnyside Frasera
- Frasera macrophylla Greene - >>frasera Speciosa
- Frasera montana Mulford - White Frasera
- Frasera neglecta Hall - Pine Green Gentian
- Frasera nitida Benth. - >>frasera Albicaulis Var. Nitida
- Frasera nitida Benth. var. albicaulis (Dougl. ex Griseb.) Card - >>frasera Albicaulis Var. Albicaulis
- Frasera officinalis W. Bart. - >>frasera Caroliniensis
- Frasera pahutensis Reveal - >>frasera Albicaulis Var. Modocensis
- Frasera paniculata Torr. - Tufted Frasera
- Frasera parryi Torr. - Coahuila Frasera
- Frasera puberulenta A. Davids. - Inyo Frasera
- Frasera speciosa - Green Gentian
- Frasera speciosa Dougl. ex Griseb. - Elkweed
- Frasera speciosa Dougl. ex Griseb. var. angustifolia Rydb. - >>frasera Speciosa
- Frasera speciosa Dougl. ex Griseb. var. stenosepala Rydb. - >>frasera Speciosa
- Frasera stenosepala (Rydb.) Rydb. - >>frasera Speciosa
- Frasera tubulosa Coville - Kern Frasera
- Frasera umpquaensis M.E. Peck & Applegate - >>frasera Fastigiata
- Frasera verticillata Raf. - >>frasera Caroliniensis
- Frasera Walt. - Green Gentian
- Frasera walteri Michx. - >>frasera Caroliniensis
- Gentiana acaulis
- Gentiana acuta Michx. - >>gentianella Amarella Ssp. Acuta
- Gentiana affinis Griseb. - Pleated Gentian
- Gentiana affinis Griseb. var. bigelovii (Gray) Kusnez. - >>gentiana Affinis
- Gentiana affinis Griseb. var. forwoodii (Gray) Kusnez. - >>gentiana Affinis
- Gentiana affinis Griseb. var. major A. Nels. & Kennedy - >>gentiana Affinis
- Gentiana affinis Griseb. var. ovata Gray - >>gentiana Affinis
- Gentiana affinis Griseb. var. parvidentata Kusnez. - >>gentiana Affinis
- Gentiana alba Muhl. ex Nutt. - Plain Gentian
- Gentiana albens (L.f.) Thunb.
- Gentiana aleutica Cham. & Schlecht. - >>gentianella Propinqua Ssp. Aleutica
- Gentiana algida Pallas - Whitish Gentian
- Gentiana amarella auct. p.p. non L. - >>gentianella Amarella Ssp. Acuta
- Gentiana amarella L. ssp. acuta (Michx.) Hultén - >>gentianella Amarella Ssp. Acuta
- Gentiana amarella L. ssp. heterosepala (Engelm.) J. Gillett - >>gentianella Amarella Ssp. Heterosepala
- Gentiana amarella L. var. acuta (Michx.) Herder - >>gentianella Amarella Ssp. Acuta
- Gentiana amarella L. var. plebeja (Ledeb. ex Spreng.) Hultén - >>gentianella Amarella Ssp. Acuta
- Gentiana amarella L. var. stricta (Griseb.) S. Wats. - >>gentianella Amarella Ssp. Acuta
- Gentiana andrewsii - Closed Bottle Gentian
- Gentiana andrewsii Griseb. - Closed Bottle Gentian
- Gentiana andrewsii Griseb. var. andrewsii - Closed Bottle Gentian
- Gentiana andrewsii Griseb. var. dakotica A. Nels. - Dakota Gentian
- Gentiana aphylla Jacq. - >>voyria Aphylla
- Gentiana aquatica auct. non L. - >>gentiana Fremontii
- Gentiana arctophila Griseb. - >>gentianella Propinqua Ssp. Propinqua
- Gentiana aurea (L.f.) Thunb.
- Gentiana austromontana Pringle & Sharp - Appalachian Gentian
- Gentiana autumnalis L. - Pinebarren Gentian
- Gentiana axillaris Lam.
- Gentiana barbata Froel. - >>gentianopsis Detonsa Ssp. Detonsa
- Gentiana barbellata Engelm. - >>gentianopsis Barbellata
- Gentiana bigelovii Gray - >>gentiana Affinis
- Gentiana bisetaea T.J. Howell - >>gentiana Setigera
- Gentiana calycosa Griseb. - Rainier Pleated Gentian
- Gentiana calycosa Griseb. var. asepala (Maguire) C.L. Hitchc. - >>gentiana Parryi
- Gentiana calycosa Griseb. var. obtusiloba (Rydb.) C.L. Hitchc. - >>gentiana Calycosa
- Gentiana calycosa Griseb. var. xantha A. Nels. - >>gentiana Calycosa
- Gentiana catesbaei Walt. - Elliott's Gentian
- Gentiana catesbaei Walt. var. nummulariifolia Fern. - >>gentiana Catesbaei
- Gentiana cherokeensis (W.P. Lemmon) Fern. - >>gentiana Saponaria Var. Saponaria
- Gentiana clausa Raf. - Bottle Gentian
- Gentiana crassicaulis
- Gentiana crinita Froel. - >>gentianopsis Crinita
- Gentiana crinita Froel. var. browniana (Hook.) Boivin - >>gentianopsis Virgata
- Gentiana crinita Froel. var. tonsa (Lunell) Boivin - >>gentianopsis Macounii
- Gentiana cruciata
- Gentiana cruciata L. - Star Gentian
- Gentiana dahurica
- Gentiana decora Pollard - Showy Gentian
- Gentiana decumbens
- Gentiana deloachii (W.P. Lemmon) Shinners - >>gentiana Villosa
- Gentiana detonsa Rottb. - >>gentianopsis Detonsa Ssp. Detonsa
- Gentiana detonsa Rottb. var. groenlandica Victorin - >>gentianopsis Detonsa Ssp. Detonsa
- Gentiana detonsa Rottb. var. unicaulis (A. Nels.) C.L. Hitchc. - >>gentianopsis Thermalis
- Gentiana diffusa Vahl
- Gentiana douglasiana Bong. - Swamp Gentian
- Gentiana dubia Thunb.
- Gentiana elegans A. Nels. - >>gentianopsis Thermalis
- Gentiana elliottii Chapman - >>gentiana Catesbaei
- Gentiana elliottii Chapman var. latifolia Chapman - >>gentiana Catesbaei
- Gentiana exacoides L.
- Gentiana flavida Gray - >>gentiana Alba
- Gentiana forwoodii Gray - >>gentiana Affinis
- Gentiana fremontii Torr. - Moss Gentian
- Gentiana gaspensis Victorin - >>gentianopsis Macounii
- Gentiana glauca Pallas - Pale Gentian
- Gentiana grandis (Gray) Holm - >>gentianopsis Macrantha
- Gentiana heterosepala Engelm. - >>gentianella Amarella Ssp. Heterosepala
- Gentiana holopetala (Gray) Holm - >>gentianopsis Holopetala
- Gentiana interrupta Greene - >>gentiana Affinis
- Gentiana kurroo
- Gentiana L. - Gentian
- Gentiana linearis Froel. ssp. rubricaulis (Schwein.) J. Gillett - >>gentiana Rubricaulis
- Gentiana linearis Froel. var. lanceolata Gray - >>gentiana Rubricaulis
- Gentiana linearis Froel. var. latifolia Gray - >>gentiana Rubricaulis
- Gentiana lutea - Yellow Gentian
- Gentiana lutea L. - Yellow Gentian
- Gentiana macounii Holm - >>gentianopsis Macounii
- Gentiana macrophylla - Qin Jiao
- Gentiana manshurica
- Gentiana menziesii Griseb. - >>gentiana Sceptrum
- Gentiana microcalyx J.G. Lemmon - >>gentianella Microcalyx
- Gentiana newberryi Gray - Alpine Gentian
- Gentiana newberryi Gray var. newberryi - Alpine Gentian
- Gentiana newberryi Gray var. tiogana (Heller) J. Pringle - Tioga Gentian
- Gentiana nutans Bunge - Tundra Gentian
- Gentiana oregana Engelm. ex Gray - >>gentiana Affinis
- Gentiana pannonica
- Gentiana parryi Engelm. - Parry's Gentian
- Gentiana pennelliana Fern. - Wiregrass Gentian
- Gentiana platypetala Griseb. - Broadpetal Gentian
- Gentiana plebeja Ledeb. ex Spreng. - >>gentianella Amarella Ssp. Acuta
- Gentiana plebeja Ledeb. ex Spreng. var. holmii Wettst. - >>gentianella Amarella Ssp. Acuta
- Gentiana plurisetosa C.T. Mason - Bristly Gentian
- Gentiana pneumonanthe - Marsh Gentian
- Gentiana porphyrio J.F. Gmel. - >>gentiana Autumnalis
- Gentiana procera Holm - >>gentianopsis Virgata
- Gentiana propinqua Richards. - >>gentianella Propinqua Ssp. Propinqua
- Gentiana propinqua Richards. ssp. arctophila (Griseb.) Hultén - >>gentianella Propinqua Ssp. Propinqua
- Gentiana prostrata Haenke - Pygmy Gentian
- Gentiana prostrata Haenke var. americana Engelm. - >>gentiana Prostrata
- Gentiana puberula auct. non Michx. - >>gentiana Puberulenta
- Gentiana puberula Michx. as to type, non Small - >>gentiana Saponaria Var. Saponaria
- Gentiana puberulenta
- Gentiana puberulenta J. Pringle - Downy Gentian
- Gentiana pulchella Sw.
- Gentiana punctata - Spotted Gentian
- Gentiana purpurea
- Gentiana quadrangularis Lam. - >>cicendia Quadrangularis
- Gentiana quinquefolia L. - >>gentianella Quinquefolia Ssp. Quinquefolia
- Gentiana quinquefolia L. var. occidentalis Gray - >>gentianella Quinquefolia Ssp. Occidentalis
- Gentiana richardsonii Porsild - >>gentianopsis Detonsa Ssp. Detonsa
- Gentiana romanzovii Ledeb. ex Bunge - >>gentiana Algida
- Gentiana rusbyi Greene - >>gentiana Affinis
- Gentiana saponaria - Harvestbells
- Gentiana saponaria L. - Harvestbells
- Gentiana saponaria L. var. latidens House - Harvestbells
- Gentiana saponaria L. var. linearis (Froel.) Griseb. - >>gentiana Linearis
- Gentiana saponaria L. var. saponaria - Harvestbells
- Gentiana scabra - Long Dan Cao
- Gentiana scabra buergeri
- Gentiana sceptrum Griseb. - King's Scepter Gentian
- Gentiana sceptrum Griseb. var. cascadensis M.E. Peck - >>gentiana Sceptrum
- Gentiana sceptrum Griseb. var. humilis Engelm. ex Gray - >>gentiana Sceptrum
- Gentiana scopulorum (Greene) Tidestrom - >>gentianella Amarella Ssp. Heterosepala
- Gentiana septemfida Pallas - Crested Gentian
- Gentiana setigera auct. non Gray - >>gentiana Plurisetosa
- Gentiana setigera Gray - Mendocino Gentian
- Gentiana simplex Gray - >>gentianopsis Simplex
- Gentiana straminea
- Gentiana strictiflora (Rydb.) A. Nels. - >>gentianella Amarella Ssp. Acuta
- Gentiana tenella Rottb. - >>gentianella Tenella Ssp. Tenella
- Gentiana thermalis Kuntze - >>gentianopsis Thermalis
- Gentiana thunbergii
- Gentiana tiogana Heller - >>gentiana Newberryi Var. Tiogana
- Gentiana tonsa (Lunell) Victorin - >>gentianopsis Macounii
- Gentiana tortuosa M.E. Jones - >>gentianella Tortuosa
- Gentiana triflora
- Gentiana tubiflora
- Gentiana ventricosa Griseb. - >>gentianopsis Crinita
- Gentiana verticillata L. - >>enicostema Verticillatum
- Gentiana verticilliata L.
- Gentiana villosa L. - Striped Gentian
- Gentiana wislizeni Engelm. - >>gentianella Wislizeni
- Gentiana wrightii Gray - >>gentianella Wrightii
- Gentiana ×billingtonii Farw. (pro sp.)
- Gentiana ×curtisii J. Pringle
- Gentiana ×grandilacustris J. Pringle
- Gentiana ×pallidocyanea J. Pringle
- Gentianella acuta (Michx.) Hiitonen - >>gentianella Amarella Ssp. Acuta
- Gentianella amarella - Felwort
- Gentianella amarella (L.) Boerner - Autumn Dwarf Gentian
- Gentianella amarella (L.) Boerner ssp. acuta (Michx.) J. Gillett - Autumn Dwarf Gentian
- Gentianella amarella (L.) Boerner ssp. heterosepala (Engelm.) J. Gillett - Autumn Dwarf Gentian
- Gentianella amarella (L.) Boerner ssp. wrightii (Gray) J. Gillett - >>gentianella Wrightii
- Gentianella amarella (L.) Boerner var. acuta (Michx.) Herder - >>gentianella Amarella Ssp. Acuta
- Gentianella amarella (L.) Boerner var. heterosepala (Engelm.) Dorn - >>gentianella Amarella Ssp. Heterosepala
- Gentianella auriculata (Pallas) J. Gillett - Eared Dwarf Gentian
- Gentianella barbellata (Engelm.) J. Gillett - >>gentianopsis Barbellata
- Gentianella crinita (Froel.) G. Don - >>gentianopsis Crinita
- Gentianella crinita (Froel.) G. Don ssp. macounii (Holm) J. Gillett - >>gentianopsis Macounii
- Gentianella crinita (Froel.) G. Don ssp. procera (Holm) J. Gillett - >>gentianopsis Virgata
- Gentianella detonsa (Rottb.) G. Don - >>gentianopsis Detonsa Ssp. Detonsa
- Gentianella detonsa (Rottb.) G. Don ssp. elegans (A. Nels.) J. Gillett - >>gentianopsis Thermalis
- Gentianella detonsa (Rottb.) G. Don ssp. holopetala (Gray) J. Gillett - >>gentianopsis Holopetala
- Gentianella detonsa (Rottb.) G. Don ssp. superba (Greene) J. Gillett - >>gentianopsis Macrantha
- Gentianella detonsa (Rottb.) G. Don ssp. yukonensis J. Gillett - >>gentianopsis Detonsa Ssp. Yukonensis
- Gentianella detonsa (Rottb.) G. Don var. elegans (A. Nels.) Dorn - >>gentianopsis Thermalis
- Gentianella diemensis
- Gentianella heterosepala (Engelm.) Holub - >>gentianella Amarella Ssp. Heterosepala
- Gentianella microcalyx (J.G. Lemmon) J. Gillett - Chiricahua Dwarf Gentian
- Gentianella Moench - Dwarf Gentian
- Gentianella occidentalis (Gray) Small - >>gentianella Quinquefolia Ssp. Occidentalis
- Gentianella propinqua (Richards.) J. Gillett - Fourpart Dwarf Gentian
- Gentianella propinqua (Richards.) J. Gillett ssp. aleutica (Cham. & Schlecht.) J. Gillett - Fourpart Dwarf Gentian
- Gentianella propinqua (Richards.) J. Gillett ssp. arctophila (Griseb.) Tzvelev - >>gentianella Propinqua Ssp. Propinqua
- Gentianella propinqua (Richards.) J. Gillett ssp. propinqua - Fourpart Dwarf Gentian
- Gentianella propinqua (Richards.) J. Gillett var. aleutica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Welsh - >>gentianella Propinqua Ssp. Aleutica
- Gentianella quinquefolia - Ague Weed
- Gentianella quinquefolia (L.) Small - Agueweed
- Gentianella quinquefolia (L.) Small ssp. occidentalis (Gray) J. Gillett - Agueweed
- Gentianella quinquefolia (L.) Small ssp. quinquefolia - Agueweed
- Gentianella simplex (Gray) J. Gillett - >>gentianopsis Simplex
- Gentianella strictiflora (Rydb.) W.A. Weber - >>gentianella Amarella Ssp. Acuta
- Gentianella tenella (Rottb.) Boerner - Dane's Dwarf Gentian
- Gentianella tenella (Rottb.) Boerner ssp. pribilofii J. Gillett - Pribilof Dwarf Gentian
- Gentianella tenella (Rottb.) Boerner ssp. tenella - Dane's Dwarf Gentian
- Gentianella tortuosa (M.E. Jones) J. Gillett - Cathedral Bluff Dwarf Gentian
- Gentianella wislizeni (Engelm.) J. Gillett - Chiricahua Mountain Dwarf Gentian
- Gentianella wrightii (Gray) Holub - Wright's Dwarf Gentian
- Gentianodes algida (Pallas) A.& D. Löve - >>gentiana Algida
- Gentianodes glauca (Pallas) A.& D. Löve - >>gentiana Glauca
- Gentianopsis barbellata (Engelm.) Iltis - Perennial Fringed Gentian
- Gentianopsis crinita (Froel.) Ma - Greater Fringed Gentian
- Gentianopsis detonsa (Rottb.) Ma - Windmill Fringed Gentian
- Gentianopsis detonsa (Rottb.) Ma ssp. detonsa - Windmill Fringed Gentian
- Gentianopsis detonsa (Rottb.) Ma ssp. yukonensis (J. Gillett) J. Gillett - Yukon Fringed Gentian
- Gentianopsis detonsa (Rottb.) Ma var. elegans (A. Nels.) N. Holmgren - >>gentianopsis Thermalis
- Gentianopsis elegans (A. Nels.) Ma - >>gentianopsis Thermalis
- Gentianopsis holopetala (Gray) Iltis - Sierra Fringed Gentian
- Gentianopsis Ma - Fringed Gentian
- Gentianopsis macounii (Holm) Iltis - Macoun's Fringed Gentian
- Gentianopsis macrantha (D. Don ex G. Don) Iltis - Grand Fringed Gentian
- Gentianopsis procera (Holm) Ma - >>gentianopsis Virgata
- Gentianopsis procera (Holm) Ma ssp. macounii (Holm) Iltis - >>gentianopsis Macounii
- Gentianopsis simplex (Gray) Iltis - Oneflower Fringed Gentian
- Gentianopsis thermalis (Kuntze) Iltis - Rocky Mountain Fringed Gentian
- Gentianopsis virgata (Raf.) Holub - Lesser Fringed Gentian
- Halenia Borkh. - Spurred Gentian
- Halenia deflexa (Sm.) Griseb. - American Spurred Gentian
- Halenia elliptica - Spurred Gentian
- Halenia recurva (Sm.) Allen - Mt. Graham Spurred Gentian
- Hippion hyssopifolium (Willd.) Spreng.
- Hippion verticillatum auct.
- Hoppea dichotoma Hayne ex Willd.
- Karina tayloriana Boutique
- Lapithea boykinii (Gray) Small - >>sabatia Capitata
- Lapithea capitata (Raf.) Small - >>sabatia Capitata
- Lapithea gentianoides (Ell.) Griseb. - >>sabatia Gentianoides
- Leiphaimos aphylla (Jacq.) Gilg - >>voyria Aphylla
- Leiphaimos parasitica Schlecht. & Cham. - >>voyria Parasitica
- Leiphaimos platypetala (Baker) Gilg
- Leiphaimos portoricensis Britt. - >>voyria Tenella
- Leiphaimos primuloides (Baker) Gilg
- Leucocraspedum albicaule (Dougl. ex Griseb.) Rydb. - >>frasera Albicaulis Var. Albicaulis
- Leucocraspedum albomarginatum (S. Wats.) Rydb. - >>frasera Albomarginata
- Leucocraspedum montanum (Mulford) Rydb. - >>frasera Montana
- Lisianthius laxiflorus Urban - Campanilla Amarilla
- Lomatogonium A. Braun - Lomatogonium
- Lomatogonium rotatum (L.) Fries ex Fern. - Marsh Felwort
- Lomatogonium rotatum (L.) Fries ex Fern. ssp. tenuifolium (Griseb.) Porsild - >>lomatogonium Rotatum
- Meristostylus brachycalyx Klotzsch
- Meristostylus grandiflora Klotzsch
- Microcala quadrangularis (Lam.) Griseb. - >>cicendia Quadrangularis
- Monobothrium schimperi Hochst.
- Monodiella flexuosa Maire
- Neurotheca baumii Gilg
- Neurotheca congolana De Wild. & T.Durand
- Neurotheca corymbosa Hua
- Neurotheca densa De Wild.
- Neurotheca exacoides Gilg
- Neurotheca loeselioides (Spruce ex Progel) Baill. subsp. loeselioides
- Neurotheca loeselioides (Spruce ex Progel) Baill. subsp. robusta (Hua) A.Raynal
- Neurotheca longidens N.E.Br.
- Neurotheca robusta Hua
- Neurotheca rupicola Hua
- Neurotheca schlechteri Gilg ex Baker
- Obolaria L. - Obolaria
- Obolaria virginica L. - Virginia Pennywort
- Octopleura loeselioides Spruce ex Progel
- Octopleura loeselioides Spruce ex Progel var. grandiflora Knobl.
- Ophelia fimbriata Hochst.
- Oreonesion testui A.Raynal
- Orphium frutescens (L.) E.Mey.
- Parasia cordata (L.f.) Raf.
- Parasia debilis (Welw.) Hiern
- Parasia gracilis (Welw.) Hiern
- Parasia grandis (E.Mey.) Hiern
- Parasia grandis (E.Mey.) Hiern var. major S.Moore
- Parasia platyptera (Baker) Hiern
- Parasia primuliflora (Welw.) Hiern
- Parasia thomasii S.Moore
- Pladera decussata Roxb.
- Pleurogyne rotata (L.) Griseb. - >>lomatogonium Rotatum
- Plocandra albens E.Mey.
- Plocandra palustris (Burch.) Griseb.
- Plocandra purpurascens E.Mey.
- Pneumonanthe affinis (Griseb.) W.A. Weber - >>gentiana Affinis
- Pneumonanthe andrewsii (Griseb.) W.A. Weber - >>gentiana Andrewsii Var. Andrewsii
- Pneumonanthe calycosa (Griseb.) Greene - >>gentiana Calycosa
- Pneumonanthe parryi (Engelm.) Greene - >>gentiana Parryi
- Pycnosphaera buchananii (Baker) N.E.Br.
- Pycnosphaera gracilis Schinz
- Pycnosphaera quarrei De Wild.
- Pycnosphaera trimera Gilg
- Pycnosphaera vanderysti De Wild.
- Roslinia angustifolia (Sims) G.Don
- Roslinia frutescens (L.) G.Don
- Sabatia alainii Victorin - >>sabatia Grandiflora
- Sabatia angularis - Bitter Bloom
- Sabatia angularis (L.) Pursh - Rosepink
- Sabatia arenicola Greenm. - Sand Rose Gentian
- Sabatia bartramii Wilbur - Bartram's Rose Gentian
- Sabatia boykinii Gray - >>sabatia Capitata
- Sabatia brachiata Ell. - Narrowleaf Rose Gentian
- Sabatia brevifolia Raf. - Shortleaf Rose Gentian
- Sabatia calycina (Lam.) Heller - Coastal Rose Gentian
- Sabatia campanulata (L.) Torr. - Slender Rose Gentian
- Sabatia campanulata (L.) Torr. var. gracilis (Michx.) Fern. - >>sabatia Campanulata
- Sabatia campanulata (L.) Torr. var. grandiflora (Gray) Blake - >>sabatia Grandiflora
- Sabatia campestris
- Sabatia campestris Nutt. - Texas Star
- Sabatia capitata (Raf.) Blake - Appalachian Rose Gentian
- Sabatia carnosa Small - >>sabatia Arenicola
- Sabatia chloroides (Michx.) Pursh - >>sabatia Dodecandra Var. Dodecandra
- Sabatia corymbosa Baldw. - >>sabatia Difformis
- Sabatia cubensis (Griseb.) Urban - >>sabatia Calycina
- Sabatia decandra (Walt.) Harper - >>sabatia Bartramii
- Sabatia difformis (L.) Druce - Lanceleaf Rose Gentian
- Sabatia dodecandra (L.) B.S.P. - Marsh Rose Gentian
- Sabatia dodecandra (L.) B.S.P. var. coriacea (Ell.) Ahles - >>sabatia Bartramii
- Sabatia dodecandra (L.) B.S.P. var. dodecandra - Marsh Rose Gentian
- Sabatia dodecandra (L.) B.S.P. var. foliosa (Fern.) Wilbur - Marsh Rose Gentian
- Sabatia dodecandra (L.) B.S.P. var. kennedyana (Fern.) Ahles - >>sabatia Kennedyana
- Sabatia elliotii
- Sabatia elliottii Steud. - >>sabatia Brevifolia
- Sabatia foliosa Fern. - >>sabatia Dodecandra Var. Foliosa
- Sabatia formosa Buckl. - Stately Rose Gentian
- Sabatia gentianoides Ell. - Pinewoods Rose Gentian
- Sabatia gracilis (Michx.) Salisb. - >>sabatia Campanulata
- Sabatia gracilis (Michx.) Salisb. var. cubensis Griseb. - >>sabatia Calycina
- Sabatia gracilis (Michx.) Salisb. var. grandiflora Gray - >>sabatia Grandiflora
- Sabatia grandiflora (Gray) Small - Largeflower Rose Gentian
- Sabatia harperi Small - >>sabatia Dodecandra Var. Foliosa
- Sabatia lanceolata (Walt.) Torr. & Gray - >>sabatia Difformis
- Sabatia macrophylla Hook. - Largeleaf Rose Gentian
- Sabatia macrophylla Hook. var. macrophylla - Largeleaf Rose Gentian
- Sabatia macrophylla Hook. var. recurvans (Small) Wilbur - Largeleaf Rose Gentian
- Sabatia maculata (Benth.) Benth. & Hook. f. - >>sabatia Stellaris
- Sabatia obtusata Blake - >>sabatia Dodecandra Var. Foliosa
- Sabatia palmeri Gray - >>sabatia Stellaris
- Sabatia paniculata (Michx.) Pursh - >>sabatia Brevifolia
- Sabatia paniculata auct. non (Michx.) Pursh - >>sabatia Quadrangula
- Sabatia purpusii Brandeg. - >>sabatia Stellaris
- Sabatia quadrangula Wilbur - Fourangle Rose Gentian
- Sabatia recurvans Small - >>sabatia Macrophylla Var. Recurvans
- Sabatia simulata Britt. - >>sabatia Stellaris
- Sabatia stellaris Pursh - Rose Of Plymouth
- Sagina virginica L. - >>bartonia Virginica
- Schinziella tetragona (Schinz) Gilg
- Schinziella tetragona (Schinz) Gilg var. parviflora Schinz ex De Wild.
- Schultesia brachyptera Cham. - Short Wingcup
- Schultesia heterophylla Miq. - Caribbean Wingcup
- Schultesia Mart. - Wingcup
- Schultesia senegalensis Baker
- Schultesia stenophylla Mart.
- Schultesia stenophylla Mart. var. latifolia Mart. ex Progel
- Sebaea acuminata Hill
- Sebaea acutiloba Schinz
- Sebaea affinis Welw. ex Hiern
- Sebaea africana Paiva & I.Nogueira
- Sebaea alata Paiva & I.Nogueira
- Sebaea albens (L.f.) Sm.
- Sebaea ambigua Cham.
- Sebaea amicorum I.M.Oliv. & Beyers
- Sebaea aurea (L.f.) Sm.
- Sebaea barbeyana Schinz
- Sebaea baumiana (Gilg) Boutique
- Sebaea baumii Schinz
- Sebaea bequaertii De Wild.
- Sebaea bojeri Griseb.
- Sebaea brachyphylla Griseb.
- Sebaea brehmeri Schinz
- Sebaea brevicaulis Sileshi
- Sebaea burchellii Gilg
- Sebaea butaguensis De Wild.
- Sebaea caladenia Gilg
- Sebaea capitata Cham. & Schltdl. var. capitata
- Sebaea capitata Cham. & Schltdl. var. sclerosepala (Schinz) Marais
- Sebaea caudata Paiva & I.Nogueira
- Sebaea chironioides Gilg
- Sebaea clavata Paiva & I.Nogueira
- Sebaea cleistantha R.A.Dyer
- Sebaea compacta A.W.Hill
- Sebaea confertiflora Schinz
- Sebaea congesta Schrad.
- Sebaea conrathii Schinz
- Sebaea conspicua Hill
- Sebaea cordata (L.f.) Roem. & Schult.
- Sebaea cordata (L.f.) Roem. & Schult. var. intermedia Cham. & Schltdl.
- Sebaea cordata (L.f.) Roem. & Schult. var. macrantha Cham. & Schltdl.
- Sebaea cordata (L.f.) Roem. & Schult. var. micrantha Cham. & Schltdl.
- Sebaea crassulifolia Cham. & Schltdl.
- Sebaea crassulifolia Cham. & Schltdl. var. lanceolata Schinz
- Sebaea crassulifolia Cham. & Schltdl. var. stricta E.Mey.
- Sebaea cuspidata Schinz
- Sebaea cymosa Jaroscz
- Sebaea debilis (Welw.) Schinz
- Sebaea dimidiata Sileshi
- Sebaea dinteri Gilg ex Dinter
- Sebaea dregei Schinz
- Sebaea ecarinata Hill
- Sebaea elongata E.Mey.
- Sebaea erecta Hill
- Sebaea erosa Schinz
- Sebaea evansii N.E.Br.
- Sebaea exacoides (L.) Schinz
- Sebaea exigua (Oliv.) Schinz
- Sebaea fastigiata Hill
- Sebaea fernandesiana Paiva & I.Nogueira
- Sebaea filiformis Schinz
- Sebaea flanaganii (Schinz) Schinz
- Sebaea fourcadei Marais
- Sebaea gariepina Gilg
- Sebaea gentilii (De Wild.) Boutique
- Sebaea gibbosa W.Dod
- Sebaea gilgii Schinz
- Sebaea glauca Hill
- Sebaea gracilis (Welw.) Paiva & I.Nogueira
- Sebaea grandiflora Schinz
- Sebaea grandis (E.Mey.) Steud.
- Sebaea grisebachiana Schinz
- Sebaea hockii (De Wild.) Boutique
- Sebaea humilis N.E.Br.
- Sebaea hymenosepala auct. var. grandiflora Hill
- Sebaea hymenosepala Gilg
- Sebaea imbricata Hill
- Sebaea intermedia (Cham. & Schltdl.) Schinz
- Sebaea involucrata Klotzsch
- Sebaea jasminiflora Schinz
- Sebaea junodii Schinz
- Sebaea laxa N.E.Br.
- Sebaea leiostyla Gilg
- Sebaea linearifolia Schinz
- Sebaea lineariformis Sileshi
- Sebaea longicaulis Schinz
- Sebaea luteo-alba (A.Chev.) P.Taylor
- Sebaea macowanii Gilg ex Schinz
- Sebaea macrantha Gilg
- Sebaea macrophylla Gilg
- Sebaea macroptera Sileshi
- Sebaea macrosepala Gilg
- Sebaea macrostigma Gilg
- Sebaea marlothii Gilg
- Sebaea membranacea A.W.Hill
- Sebaea micrantha (Cham. & Schltdl.) Schinz var. intermedia (Cham. & Schltdl.) Marais
- Sebaea micrantha (Cham. & Schltdl.) Schinz var. micrantha
- Sebaea microphylla (Edgew.) Knobl.
- Sebaea mildbraedii Gilg
- Sebaea minima Jaroscz
- Sebaea minuta Paiva & I.Nogueira
- Sebaea minutiflora Schinz
- Sebaea minutissima Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
- Sebaea mirabilis Gilg
- Sebaea monantha Gilg ex Schinz
- Sebaea multiflora Schinz
- Sebaea multinodis N.E.Br.
- Sebaea natalensis (Schinz) Schinz
- Sebaea natalensis Schinz
- Sebaea ochroleuca Wolley-Dod
- Sebaea ohlendorffiana Eckl. ex Griseb.
- Sebaea oldenlandioides S.Moore
- Sebaea oligantha (Gilg) Schinz
- Sebaea oreophila Gilg
- Sebaea ovata - Yellow Centaury
- Sebaea pallida E.Mey.
- Sebaea paludosa Levyns
- Sebaea pentandra E.Mey. var. burchellii (Gilg) Marais
- Sebaea pentandra E.Mey. var. pentandra
- Sebaea perparva Sileshi
- Sebaea perpusilla Paiva & I.Nogueira
- Sebaea platyptera (Baker) Boutique
- Sebaea pleurostigmatosa Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
- Sebaea polyantha Gilg
- Sebaea pratensis Gilg
- Sebaea primuliflora (Welw.) Sileshi
- Sebaea primulina Hill
- Sebaea procumbens A.W.Hill
- Sebaea pseudobelmontia Schinz
- Sebaea pumila (Baker) Schinz
- Sebaea pusilla Eckl. ex Cham.
- Sebaea pusilla Eckl. ex Cham. var. major Hill
- Sebaea pygmaea Schinz
- Sebaea radiata Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
- Sebaea ramosissima Gilg
- Sebaea rara Wolley-Dod
- Sebaea rehmannii Schinz
- Sebaea repens Schinz
- Sebaea rhomboidea Schinz
- Sebaea rotundifolia Hill
- Sebaea rudolfii Schinz
- Sebaea saccata Schinz
- Sebaea scabra Schinz
- Sebaea schimperiana Buchinger ex Schweinf.
- Sebaea schinziana Gilg
- Sebaea schizostigma Gilg
- Sebaea schlechteri Schinz
- Sebaea schoenlandii Schinz
- Sebaea schultzei Gilg
- Sebaea sclerosepala Gilg ex Schinz
- Sebaea sedoides Gilg
- Sebaea sedoides Gilg var. confertiflora (Schinz) Marais
- Sebaea sedoides Gilg var. schoenlandii (Schinz) Marais
- Sebaea sedoides Gilg var. sedoides
- Sebaea semialata Gilg
- Sebaea spathulata (E.Mey.) Steud.
- Sebaea stricta (E.Mey.) Gilg
- Sebaea sulphurea Cham. & Schltdl.
- Sebaea tabularis Eckl.
- Sebaea tetragona Vatke ex Engl.
- Sebaea teuszii (Schinz) P.Taylor
- Sebaea thodeana Gilg
- Sebaea thomasii (S.Moore) Schinz
- Sebaea thomasii (S.Moore) Schinz x S. spathulata (E.Mey.) Steud.
- Sebaea transvaalensis Schinz
- Sebaea tysonii Schinz
- Sebaea vitellina Schinz
- Sebaea welwitschii Schinz
- Sebaea wildemaniana Boutique
- Sebaea wittebergensis Schinz
- Sebaea woodii Gilg
- Sebaea zeyheri Schinz subsp. acutiloba (Schinz) Marais
- Sebaea zeyheri Schinz subsp. cleistantha (R.A.Dyer) Marais
- Sebaea zeyheri Schinz subsp. zeyheri
- Swertia aberdarica T.C.E.Fr.
- Swertia abyssinica Hochst.
- Swertia adolfi-friderici Mildbr. & Gilg
- Swertia albicaulis (Dougl. ex Griseb.) Kuntze - >>frasera Albicaulis Var. Albicaulis
- Swertia albicaulis (Dougl. ex Griseb.) Kuntze var. columbiana (St. John) J. Pringle - >>frasera Albicaulis Var. Columbiana
- Swertia albicaulis (Dougl. ex Griseb.) Kuntze var. cusickii (Gray) J. Pringle - >>frasera Albicaulis Var. Cusickii
- Swertia albicaulis (Dougl. ex Griseb.) Kuntze var. idahoensis (St. John) J. Pringle - >>frasera Albicaulis Var. Idahoensis
- Swertia albicaulis (Dougl. ex Griseb.) Kuntze var. nitida (Benth.) Jepson - >>frasera Albicaulis Var. Nitida
- Swertia albomarginata (S. Wats.) Kuntze - >>frasera Albomarginata
- Swertia albomarginata (S. Wats.) Kuntze ssp. purpusii (Jepson) E. Murr. - >>frasera Puberulenta
- Swertia bethelii St. John - >>frasera Albicaulis Var. Modocensis
- Swertia bimaculata
- Swertia brevipedicellata Gilg ex N.E.Br.
- Swertia brownii Shah
- Swertia caerulea A.Chev.
- Swertia californica St. John - >>frasera Albicaulis Var. Modocensis
- Swertia calycina N.E.Br.
- Swertia caroliniensis (Walt.) Kuntze - >>frasera Caroliniensis
- Swertia chirayita - Chiretta
- Swertia clarenceana Hook.f.
- Swertia coloradensis Rogers - >>frasera Coloradensis
- Swertia columbiana St. John - >>frasera Albicaulis Var. Columbiana
- Swertia crassiuscula Gilg subsp. robusta Sileshi
- Swertia crassiuscula Gilg var. crassiuscula
- Swertia crassiuscula Gilg var. leucantha (T.C.E.Fr.) Sileshi
- Swertia curtioides Gilg
- Swertia cusickii (Gray) St. John - >>frasera Albicaulis Var. Cusickii
- Swertia dissimilis N.E.Br.
- Swertia duemmeriana T.C.E.Fr.
- Swertia eastwoodiae St. John - >>frasera Albicaulis Var. Nitida
- Swertia ellenbeckiana Gilg ex Engl.
- Swertia eminii Engl.
- Swertia engleri Gilg var. engleri
- Swertia engleri Gilg var. woodii (J.Shan) Sileshi
- Swertia erosula N.E.Br.
- Swertia erythraea Chiov.
- Swertia fastigiata Pursh - >>frasera Fastigiata
- Swertia filicaulis Gilg
- Swertia fimbriata (Hochst.) Cufod.
- Swertia fwambensis N.E.Br.
- Swertia gentianifolia Chiov.
- Swertia granvikii T.C.E.Fr.
- Swertia gypsicola Barneby - >>frasera Gypsicola
- Swertia heterosepala Gilg
- Swertia idahoensis St. John - >>frasera Albicaulis Var. Idahoensis
- Swertia intermixta A.Rich.
- Swertia janssensii De Wild.
- Swertia japonica
- Swertia johnsonii N.E.Br.
- Swertia keniensis T.C.E.Fr.
- Swertia kilimandscharica Engl.
- Swertia L. - Felwort
- Swertia lassenica St. John - >>frasera Albicaulis Var. Nitida
- Swertia lastii Engl.
- Swertia leucantha T.C.E.Fr.
- Swertia lovenii T.C.E.Fr.
- Swertia lugardae Bullock
- Swertia macrosepala Gilg subsp. macrosepala
- Swertia macrosepala Gilg subsp. microsperma Sileshi
- Swertia mannii Hook.f.
- Swertia mattirolii Chiov.
- Swertia mearnsii De Wild.
- Swertia mildbraedii Gilg
- Swertia minima Gilg
- Swertia modocensis St. John - >>frasera Albicaulis Var. Modocensis
- Swertia modocensis St. John var. adglabra St. John - >>frasera Albicaulis Var. Modocensis
- Swertia montana (Mulford) St. John - >>frasera Montana
- Swertia multicaulis Engl. ex Gilg
- Swertia neglecta (Hall) Jepson - >>frasera Neglecta
- Swertia nitida (Benth.) Jepson - >>frasera Albicaulis Var. Nitida
- Swertia nitida (Benth.) Jepson ssp. cusickii (Gray) Abrams - >>frasera Albicaulis Var. Cusickii
- Swertia pahutensis (Reveal) J. Pringle - >>frasera Albicaulis Var. Modocensis
- Swertia parnassiiflora T.C.E.Fr.
- Swertia parryi (Torr.) Kuntze - >>frasera Parryi
- Swertia perennis L. - Felwort
- Swertia perennis L. var. obtusa (Ledeb.) Ledeb. ex Griseb. - >>swertia Perennis
- Swertia petiolata
- Swertia petitiana A.Rich.
- Swertia pleurogynoides Baker
- Swertia polyantha Gilg
- Swertia porphyrantha Baker
- Swertia puberulenta (A. Davids.) Jepson - >>frasera Puberulenta
- Swertia pumila auct.
- Swertia pumila Hochst.
- Swertia quartiniana A.Rich.
- Swertia radiata (Kellogg) Kuntze - >>frasera Speciosa
- Swertia radiata (Kellogg) Kuntze var. macrophylla (Greene) St. John - >>frasera Speciosa
- Swertia recurva Sm. - >>halenia Recurva
- Swertia richardii Engl.
- Swertia sattimae T.C.E.Fr.
- Swertia scandens T.C.E.Fr.
- Swertia schimperi (Hochst.) Griseb.
- Swertia schimperi auct.
- Swertia schliebenii Mildbr.
- Swertia scottii Shah
- Swertia sharpei N.E.Br.
- Swertia shastensis St. John - >>frasera Albicaulis Var. Modocensis
- Swertia sierrae St. John - >>frasera Albicaulis Var. Modocensis
- Swertia silenifolia T.C.E.Fr.
- Swertia squamigera Sileshi
- Swertia stellarioides Ficalho ex Hiern
- Swertia subalpina N.E.Br.
- Swertia subnivalis T.C.E.Fr.
- Swertia tetrandra Hochst.
- Swertia tischeri Chiov.
- Swertia tshitirungensis De Wild.
- Swertia tubulosa (Coville) Jepson - >>frasera Tubulosa
- Swertia umpquaensis (M.E. Peck & Applegate) St. John - >>frasera Fastigiata
- Swertia uniflora Mildbr.
- Swertia usambarensis Engl.
- Swertia usambarensis Engl. var. curtioides (Gilg) Sileshi
- Swertia usambarensis Engl. var. usambarensis
- Swertia utahensis (M.E. Jones) St. John - >>frasera Paniculata
- Swertia volkensii Gilg var. baleensis Sileshi
- Swertia volkensii Gilg var. volkensii
- Swertia watsonii St. John - >>frasera Albicaulis Var. Albicaulis
- Swertia wellbyi N.E.Br.
- Swertia welwitschii Engl.
- Swertia whytei N.E.Br.
- Swertia wojeratensis N.E.Br.
- Swertia woodii J.Shan
- Tachiadenus continentalis Baker
- Tachiadenus mechowianus (Vatke ex Schinz) Hill
- Tesseranthium angustifolium (Rydb.) Rydb. - >>frasera Speciosa
- Tesseranthium macrophyllum (Greene) Rydb. - >>frasera Speciosa
- Tesseranthium radiatum Kellogg - >>frasera Speciosa
- Urogentias ulugurensis Gilg & Gilg-Ben.
- Voyria aphylla (Jacq.) Pers. - Leafless Ghostplant
- Voyria Aubl. - Ghostplant
- Voyria mexicana Griseb. - >>voyria Parasitica
- Voyria parasitica (Schlecht. & Cham.) Ruyters & Maas - Parasitic Ghostplant
- Voyria platypetala Baker
- Voyria primuloides Baker
- Voyria tenella Hook. - Puerto Rico Ghostplant