Overview of Funastrum hirtellum (Gray) Schlechter
Funastrum hirtellum, commonly known as hairy-pod milkweed, is a perennial plant species belonging to the Apocynaceae family. The species is native to North America, including the Great Plains and Midwest regions of the United States and parts of Canada.
General Appearance of Funastrum hirtellum
Funastrum hirtellum typically grows up to 3 feet tall and 2 feet wide, with slender and hairy stems. The leaves are broad and ovate, approximately 2 to 6 inches long, and have distinct veins. The plant produces an array of light green to yellow flowers from June to October. The fruit of the plant is a long, narrow pod, about 5 to 8 inches in length, containing numerous seeds with silky hairs.
Common Names of Funastrum hirtellum
Hairy-pod milkweed is the most commonly used name for Funastrum hirtellum, while other common names include green milkweed, hairy milkweed, and tall green milkweed.
Uses of Funastrum hirtellum
Funastrum hirtellum is beneficial for pollinators, especially butterflies, bees, and moths. The plant serves as a host to Monarch butterfly larvae and provides nectar for adult butterflies. Hairy-pod milkweed is used in landscaping and gardening as it is easy to grow and requires little maintenance. In addition, the silky fibers from the seed pods have been utilized by Native Americans, who used them to create clothing, cordage, and stuffing for pillows.
In conclusion, Funastrum hirtellum is a stunning addition to any garden and is a vital source of food and habitat for various wildlife, making it a valuable species in North America.
Light Requirements
Funastrum hirtellum is a sun-loving plant that requires full sunlight exposure to grow and thrive. The plant needs at least 6 hours of direct sunlight each day to carry out photosynthesis and complete its life cycle.
Temperature Requirements
Funastrum hirtellum is a warm-weather plant that grows well in warm temperatures. The plant can tolerate a wide range of temperatures, with the ideal temperature range being between 65°F and 85°F (18°C to 30°C). The plant may not survive if exposed to temperatures below 50°F (10°C) for an extended period.
Soil Requirements
Funastrum hirtellum requires well-draining soil that is enriched with organic matter. The plant can tolerate a wide range of soil pH levels, but prefers a slightly acidic to neutral soil pH (6.0 to 7.0). The soil should be moist but not waterlogged or saturated, as this can lead to root rot and other fungal infections.
Watering Requirements
Funastrum hirtellum requires regular watering to grow and thrive. The plant should be watered deeply but infrequently, allowing the soil to dry out between each watering. Overwatering can lead to root rot, which can damage or kill the plant. The frequency of watering may vary depending on the climate, humidity, and soil moisture level.
Cultivation
Funastrum hirtellum (Gray) Schlechter, commonly known as hairy swallow-wort, is a hardy perennial plant that can grow up to 3 feet tall. It is native to North America and can be grown in USDA hardiness zones 3-9. It prefers full sun to partial shade and well-drained soils. Before planting, ensure that the soil is loosened and has plenty of organic matter to provide good drainage and nutrients.
Watering Needs
Hairy swallow-wort is a drought-tolerant plant that can survive on very little water. However, it requires an occasional deep watering during extended periods of drought. It is recommended to water deeply at least once a week during hot summer months. Ensure that the soil is moist, but not waterlogged.
Fertilization
Fertilization is not necessary for hairy swallow-wort; however, it may benefit from a light application of a balanced fertilizer once a year in early spring. Avoid over-fertilizing, as this may cause the plant to become too lush and attract unwanted pests.
Pruning
Hairy swallow-wort requires minimal pruning. Remove any dead or damaged stems in early spring before new growth appears. Pinching back the tips of young plants will promote bushier growth. In late summer, after the plant has finished blooming, remove any seed pods that have formed to prevent self-seeding.
Propagation of Funastrum hirtellum (Gray) Schlechter
Funastrum hirtellum (Gray) Schlechter, also known as hairy twinevine, is a perennial plant that belongs to the Apocynaceae family. It is a relatively low-maintenance plant and can adapt to different growing conditions. The propagation of Funastrum hirtellum can be done through various methods, including:
Seed Propagation
Funastrum hirtellum can be propagated through seeds. The seeds should be collected from healthy plants during the flowering season. After collecting the seeds, they should be placed in a warm and dry place to dry for a few days. Once they have dried, plant the seeds in a well-draining soil mixture, ensuring that the planting depth is not more than 3 times the size of the seed. Water the soil when it is dry, and the seeds should germinate within 2-3 weeks. After germination, the seedlings can be transplanted to a permanent location.
Cuttings Propagation
Cuttings propagation is another method of propagating Funastrum hirtellum. Take cuttings from healthy shoots that have not flowered. Ensure that the cuttings are at least 6 inches long and have a few leaves attached. The cuttings should be planted in a well-draining soil mixture in a pot or container. Cover the container with a clear plastic bag to create a greenhouse effect. Place the container in a warm and bright location, but away from direct sunlight. The cuttings should root within 4-6 weeks. After rooting, the new plants can be transplanted to a permanent location.
Division Propagation
Division propagation is a technique that can be used to propagate Funastrum hirtellum. Dig up the plant during the dormant season and gently separate the root ball into smaller sections. Each section should have at least one stem and a few healthy roots. Plant the new sections in a well-draining soil mixture, and water the soil when it is dry. The new plants should begin to grow within a few weeks.
Propagation of Funastrum hirtellum can be done through different methods. Each method has its pros and cons and requires different techniques and conditions. With the right conditions and proper care, Funastrum hirtellum can be successfully propagated through any of the above methods.
Disease Management
Funastrum hirtellum is relatively resistant to most diseases but is susceptible to fungal problems in high humidity and moist conditions. The most common disease that affects Funastrum hirtellum is powdery mildew, which causes a white, powdery substance on the leaves.
To manage powdery mildew, remove the infected leaves as soon as possible and dispose of them away from the plant. Ensure that there is sufficient space between plants to enhance air circulation. Additionally, avoid overcrowding plants and plant in well-draining soil to reduce humidity levels around the plant.
Another fungal disease that might affect Funastrum hirtellum is leaf spot. Leaf spot causes round spots with reddish-brown margins on the leaves. Remove infected leaves, practice crop rotation, and apply copper-based fungicides weekly.
Pest Management
Funastrum hirtellum is relatively pest-resistant but could attract aphids, spider mites, and whiteflies, which can limit plant growth and damage foliage.
To manage aphids, spider mites, and whiteflies, introduce natural enemies like predatory insects, parasites and, predators such as ladybugs and lacewings. Additionally, use insecticidal soaps and oils to kill the pests, and avoid over-fertilizing.
Regularly inspect Funastrum hirtellum for signs of pest infestations, including discoloration, leaf curling or falling foliage, and act immediately to limit further spread. Additionally, clean up fallen plant materials and avoid planting other pest-prone plants next to Funastrum hirtellum.
