Overview
Elaeagnus multiflora is an ornamental fruit-bearing shrub that belongs to the Elaeagnus genus, which includes over 50 species. It is commonly referred to as Goumi, Cherry Silverberry, or Gumi as it produces small red berries that are edible and highly nutritious. This plant is a native of Eastern Asia but has been introduced to several other parts of the world, particularly North America and Europe, where it is now cultivated as an ornamental and for its fruit.
Appearance
Elaeagnus multiflora is a deciduous shrub that grows up to 5 meters tall with a spread of up to 4 meters. It has an upright habit and produces distinctively silver-green leaves with wavy margins that are alternate, elliptical or oval in shape, and about 5-10 cm long. The plant blooms in late spring and early summer, producing fragrant, small yellow flowers that are followed by small, round, crimson red berries that ripen in late summer. The fruit is about 1cm to 1.5 cm in diameter and has a sweet, juicy, and slightly acidic taste.
Uses
Elaeagnus multiflora is a useful shrub that has numerous applications. The berries are rich in vitamin C, antioxidants, and other nutrients, making them an excellent source of food and medicine. They are often used to make jams, jellies, and juices. The plant has also been found to be useful in controlling soil erosion and improving soil fertility. Elaeagnus multiflora is also used in landscaping and as a hedge or specimen plant due to its beautiful foliage, showy flowers, and attractive fruit.
The plant has some medicinal and therapeutic benefits due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is also said to have antibacterial and anti-cancer effects. According to traditional Chinese medicine, the fruit, seeds, and leaves are used to treat various ailments such as fever, cough, and digestive disorders. However, more research is needed to validate these claims.
Additionally, the wood is hard and dense, making it suitable for carving, furniture, and flooring.
In conclusion, Elaeagnus multiflora is a versatile and attractive shrub that provides multiple benefits, including edible and nutritious fruit, ornamental value, and medicinal and therapeutic properties.Light requirements
Elaeagnus multiflora, commonly called goumi or cherry silverberry, prefers full sun to partial shade. It can tolerate some shade but will not grow as vigorously or produce as much fruit.
Temperature requirements
The plant is hardy to USDA zones 4 to 8, which means it can withstand temperatures as low as -30 degrees Fahrenheit in winter. In general, it prefers cool to moderate temperatures and is best grown in regions with mild summers and cold winters.
Soil requirements
Elaeagnus multiflora grows best in well-draining soils that are slightly acidic to neutral in pH. It can tolerate a wide range of soil types, from sandy to loamy to clayey, as long as they are fertile and well-draining. Adding organic matter, such as compost or well-rotted manure, to the soil before planting can improve its fertility and structure.
Cultivation methods
When cultivating Elaeagnus multiflora, it is essential to choose a site with well-draining soil and full sun to partial shade. The plant can tolerate a variety of soil types, including sandy, loamy, and clay types. However, it thrives best in well-drained soils with good fertility.
Propagation of Elaeagnus multiflora is through seedlings or vegetative means such as cuttings and layering. Seedlings often take longer to establish and produce, hence the need to use vegetative propagation techniques.
Watering needs
During the first year of establishment, Elaeagnus multiflora requires regular water to help its roots to develop. Once the plant is established, it requires very minimal watering, especially during the rainy season.
However, it is important to note that in arid areas, the plant may need occasional watering, particularly during periods of prolonged drought. It is advisable to water the plant deeply, once a week, rather than shallow watering frequently.
Fertilization
Elaeagnus multiflora prefers soils that are rich in nutrients. Therefore, the addition of organic fertilizer, such as compost, during planting or as a top dressing, is highly recommended. Nitrogen fertilizer may also be used to boost foliage growth.
Pruning
Elaeagnus multiflora does not necessarily require pruning, but occasional pruning to remove dead or damaged branches can help to promote growth and maintain the desired shape of the plant. When pruning, one should avoid trimming into old wood as it may not regrow. Spring is the best time for pruning to ensure that the plant has enough time to recover fully before winter.
Propagation of Elaeagnus multiflora
Elaeagnus multiflora, commonly known as goumi berry, is an easy-to-grow shrub that produces sweet and juicy red berries in the summer. With proper propagation techniques, gardeners can easily expand their goumi berry patch. This plant can be propagated using seeds, cuttings, layering, and grafting.
Propagation by seeds
Goumi berry seeds can be sourced from ripened fruits in the summer. Once collected, the seeds can be air-dried for a week before planting in a well-draining soil mix. The seeds should be sowed in the fall to allow natural stratification during winter. They take two to three years to grow and produce fruits.
Propagation by cuttings
Goumi berry can also be propagated from hardwood or softwood cuttings taken from a mature plant. Hardwood cuttings are taken in the winter and need bottom heat to start rooting. Softwood cuttings, on the other hand, are taken from new growth in the summer and root better with the help of rooting hormone.
Propagation by layering
Another way to propagate goumi berry is through layering. Using this method, a low-growing branch is bent to the ground and partially buried in soil, leaving the tip exposed. The buried section will develop roots over time. Once established, the layered branch can be cut off and transplanted to a new site.
Propagation by grafting
Grafting is yet another propagation method used for goumi berry. Unrooted cutting from the desired cultivar is grafted onto the rootstock of a closely related Elaeagnus species, such as E. umbellata. This method can also be used to combine the desirable traits of different cultivars to produce a superior variety.
Regardless of the propagation method used, goumi berry requires a well-draining soil and full sun to thrive. With patience and care, the gardener can successfully propagate this shrub and enjoy the fruits of their labor for years to come.
Disease and Pest Management for Elaeagnus Multiflora
Elaeagnus multiflora, also known as Goumi berry, is a hardy shrub that is resistant to most diseases and pests. However, like any other plant, it is susceptible to certain problems that can impact its health and growth. Here are some of the common diseases and pests that might affect Elaeagnus multiflora and suggested ways to manage them.
Diseases
1. Leaf spot: It is a fungal disease that causes circular dark spots on the leaves of Elaeagnus multiflora. The infected leaves will eventually turn yellow and fall off. To manage this disease, prune the infected leaves and ensure proper air circulation in the plant. Avoid overhead watering and applying fungicides when necessary.
2. Crown gall: This is a bacterial disease that affects the stem of the plant and causes the formation of galls. It can weaken the plant, making it less productive. To manage this disease, remove the affected plant parts and destroy them. Do not replant Elaeagnus multiflora in the same spot. Plant resistant varieties and avoid injuring the plant during cultivation.
Pests
1. Spider mites: These tiny insects suck the sap from the plant, causing the leaves to yellow and brown. They also spin webs on the plant, making it unsightly. To manage spider mites, use a strong jet of water to wash them off the plant. Alternatively, you can apply insecticidal soap or neem oil to kill them.
2. Scale insects: These pests attach themselves to the underside of the leaves and suck the sap from the plant. They secrete a sticky substance that attracts ants and can cause the growth of sooty mold. To manage scale insects, prune the affected plant parts and wash them with soapy water. You can also apply horticultural oil or neem oil to kill the pests.
3. Japanese beetles: These pests feed on the leaves of Elaeagnus multiflora, causing significant damage to the plant. To manage Japanese beetles, handpick them from the plant and drop them into a bucket of soapy water. You can also use insecticidal sprays that contain neem oil, pyrethrin, or carbaryl. Note that some insecticides can harm beneficial insects, so use them with caution.
Overall, managing diseases and pests on Elaeagnus multiflora requires proper cultivation practices and vigilance. Regular inspection of the plant can help detect problems early, so you can take action before they cause significant damage.
