Origin and Common Names
Chrysanthemoides monilifera (L.) Norl. subsp. subcanescens (DC.) Norl. is a flowering plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. It is native to southern Africa and is commonly known as the Bitou bush or Boneseed.General appearance
The plant can grow up to three meters in height, with a woody stem and grayish-green leaves that are oval-shaped and measure up to 10cm in length. The flowers are bright yellow, small, and clustered, and appear from winter to summer.Uses
The Bitou bush is an invasive species and has become a major weed problem in many parts of the world. It spreads rapidly and can dominate an ecosystem, outcompeting native plants for resources. However, the plant has been traditionally used in its native Africa for medicinal purposes. The leaves were boiled and used to treat diarrhea, while the roots were used to treat stomach ailments. The plant also has a history of being used as a natural pesticide. Overall, while the Bitou bush has some historical medicinal uses, it is generally considered a troublesome weed that can cause environmental harm.Light Conditions
Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. subcanescens thrives in full sun, although it can tolerate partial shade. As such, it is considered a sun-loving plant.
Temperature Requirements
This plant is native to southern Africa, where it grows in a Mediterranean climate with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. It prefers temperatures between 18°C to 24°C, but can tolerate temperatures as low as -8°C during winter dormancy.
Soil Requirements
Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. subcanescens prefers well-draining soil that is moist but not waterlogged. It can tolerate a range of soil textures, from sandy to clay soils. However, it grows best in fertile soil with a pH of between 5.5 and 7.5.
This plant can also tolerate somewhat saline soil conditions. As such, it is often found growing along the coast and in areas with poor soil quality.
Cultivation Methods
Chrysanthemoides monilifera (L.) Norl. subsp. subcanescens (DC.) Norl., commonly known as the Boneseed plant, can be propagated by seeds or cuttings. The ideal time for planting is during the spring season when the soil temperature is above 20°C. It thrives in a well-draining soil with a pH range of 6.5 to 7.5. It grows well in full sun and can tolerate partial shade. Maintaining proper moisture levels is crucial during the initial growth stages.
Watering Needs
The Boneseed plant requires regular watering to ensure its optimal growth. However, it's important not to overwater the plant as it may damage the roots and cause root rot. The watering requirements also vary depending on the season and soil type. During the growing season, the plant needs watering once a week or every other day during hot weather. In winter, the watering frequency can be reduced.
Fertilization
Fertilizing Chrysanthemoides monilifera is essential to give the plant a boost in growth and flowering. Apply a balanced fertilizer every two weeks during the growing season to enhance the plant's growth and production of yellow daisy-like flowers. A fertilizer with a higher level of potassium will encourage flowering. Avoid fertilizing during winter as the plant is dormant at this time.
Pruning
Pruning Boneseed plants ensure they maintain their shape and size. Pruning is best done during early spring before the new growth starts. Cut back the previous year's growth by 1/3 to encourage bushy growth and more flowers. Deadhead regularly to prevent seedlings from forming, or else the plant may become invasive. It's important to wear gloves as the sap can cause skin irritation.
Propagation of Chrysanthemoides Monilifera subsp. Subcanescens
Chrysanthemoides Monilifera subsp. Subcanescens can be propagated through different methods, including seeds, cuttings, and layering.
Seeds
Propagation through seeds is the easiest and most common method. Seeds ripen during autumn and can be collected from the plant. Once collected, they can be sowed immediately or stored in cool, dry conditions. Before sowing, seeds can be scarified or soaked in warm water overnight to improve germination rates. The seeds need well-draining soil and should be kept moist. Germination occurs after about two to four weeks.
Cuttings
Propagation through cuttings involves taking a cutting from the plant, usually in late spring or early summer. The cutting should be about 10 to 15 cm long and should have some foliage and a few nodes. Cuttings are rooted in sterilized mixtures of sand and peat moss. After rooting, the cuttings can be transplanted into soil and grown on under controlled conditions.
Layering
Propagation through layering involves bending a flexible stem downwards and covering it with soil, leaving a small portion of the tip exposed. Roots will form from this exposed part of the stem, and the stem can then be separated from the parent plant and transplanted into soil.
These propagation methods allow easy multiplication of the Chrysanthemoides Monilifera subsp. Subcanescens plant, making it more accessible to gardeners and horticulturists.
Disease Management
Chrysanthemoides monilifera is a relatively hardy plant and does not suffer from many diseases. However, some of the diseases that may affect the plant include:
- Root Rot: This is a fungal disease that affects the roots of the plant, causing them to rot. This disease is caused by overwatering and poor drainage. To manage root rot, ensure that the plant has good drainage and reduce the frequency of watering.
- Leaf Spot: This is a fungal disease that causes spots on the leaves of the plant. To manage this disease, remove affected leaves and spray the plant with a fungicide.
- Rust: This is a fungal disease that causes yellow and orange spots on the leaves of the plant. To manage rust, remove affected leaves and spray the plant with a fungicide.
Preventative measures such as maintaining good hygiene (removing diseased plant material) and providing well-draining soil will also help to prevent diseases.
Pest Management
Chrysanthemoides monilifera is relatively resistant to most pests. However, some of the pests that may affect the plant include:
- Aphids: These small insects suck the sap from the plant, causing the leaves to wilt. To manage aphids, spray the plant with a solution of water and dish soap.
- Mites: These tiny insects can cause the leaves of the plant to become discoloured and distorted. To manage mites, spray the plant with a solution of water and neem oil.
- Caterpillars: These larvae can cause significant damage to the leaves of the plant. To manage caterpillars, remove them by hand or spray the plant with a solution of water and Bacillus thuringiensis.
Preventative measures such as regular inspection of the plant for pests and maintaining good hygiene will also help to prevent infestations.
