Overview of Buxus L.
Buxus is a genus of about 70 species of evergreen shrubs and small trees in the family Buxaceae. It is commonly known as boxwood and its scientific name is Buxus L. The plants originated in Europe, Asia, Africa, and South America. Boxwood plants have been used for centuries for their various functional and ornamental qualities.
Common Names of Buxus L.
Boxwood has a range of common names depending on the location and variety. Some of the most common names include box, box plant, box tree, common boxwood, European boxwood, hedge boxwood, and American boxwood. These names may refer to specific species or varieties of the plant or simply general names for all boxwood.
Uses of Buxus L.
Boxwood has been used for centuries for a variety of purposes. It is commonly used as a landscaping shrub or tree due to its dense foliage and ability to be pruned into various shapes. The wood of boxwood is also used for carving and making fine instruments due to its hardness and fine grain. Boxwood has also been historically used in traditional medicine for its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Additionally, boxwood is used as a source of essential oil for use in perfumes and soaps.
General Appearance
The appearance of boxwood varies depending on the species or variety, but they all generally have small, glossy, evergreen leaves that are ovate to elliptic in shape. The leaves generally grow in opposite pairs along the stem and the foliage is dense. The plants can range in size from small shrubs to small trees, with some growing up to 20 feet tall. The bark of boxwood is smooth and greyish-brown in color, but can become more rough and scaly with age. The plant produces small, inconspicuous flowers in early spring that are followed by small fruits.
Light Requirements
Buxus L., commonly known as Boxwood, generally prefers partial to full shade and can grow well under the canopy of taller trees. However, it can also tolerate full sun conditions, provided that the soil moisture is sufficient.
Temperature Tolerance
Boxwood is known for its hardiness and can tolerate a wide range of temperatures. It can withstand extreme winter cold or summer heat, but prefers moderate temperatures for optimal growth, with temperatures ranging from 60°F to 75°F.
Soil Requirements
Boxwood requires well-draining soil with a pH range of 6.5-7.5. The soil should be moderately fertile and rich in organic matter content. It cannot tolerate waterlogged soil and needs adequate drainage to prevent root rot. Boxwoods can also grow in various types of soil, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils.
Cultivation of Buxus L.
Buxus L. is a genus of evergreen shrubs and small trees that are widely cultivated for their dense, unclipped hedging, topiary, and ornamental plants. They are best grown in fertile, well-draining soils that are consistently moist but not waterlogged. They prefer partial shade to full sun and are hardy to USDA zones 5 to 9.
Watering Needs of Buxus L.
Buxus L. requires regular watering to keep the soil moist, especially during hot weather. Water the plant deeply at least once a week, making sure the water reaches the root zone. Avoid overhead watering as it can lead to the development of fungal diseases.
Fertilization of Buxus L.
Buxus L. benefits from regular feeding with a balanced fertilizer to promote healthy growth and enhance the overall appearance of the plant. Apply a slow-release fertilizer in early spring and midsummer, following the manufacturer's instructions for dosage.
Pruning of Buxus L.
Buxus L. requires regular pruning to maintain its shape, size, and density. Pruning should be done when the plant is actively growing, typically in late spring to early summer. Use sharp, clean pruning shears to make smooth cuts and avoid damaging the plant. It is also essential to remove any dead, diseased or damaged branches as soon as possible to reduce the risk of disease spread.
Propagation of Buxus L.
Buxus L. can be propagated through various methods that include:
Cuttings
One of the most common methods used for propagation of Buxus L. is through cuttings. Hardwood cuttings are taken during the winter months when the plant is dormant. Softwood cuttings are taken during the summer months when the plant is actively growing. Both types of cuttings are dipped in rooting hormone and placed in a well-draining media until roots form.
Layering
Another method of propagation is layering. A branch is bent and buried in soil while still attached to the parent plant. Once roots form at the bend, the branch can be cut from the parent plant and planted as a new one. This method is useful for plants that are difficult to root from cuttings.
Division
Buxus L. can also be propagated through division. The plant is dug up and divided into smaller clumps. Each clump is then replanted and cared for until new growth appears. This method is useful for established plants that have become too large or overgrown.
Seed
Buxus L. can be propagated through seed, but it is not a common or reliable method. The seeds are slow to germinate and the resulting plants may not be true to the parent plant.
Regardless of the method chosen, it is important to provide the new plants with adequate moisture, well-draining soil, and protection from extreme temperatures until they become established.
Disease and Pest Management for Buxus L.
Buxus L., commonly known as boxwood, is a popular shrub used in landscaping and gardening. However, it is susceptible to various diseases and pests, which can cause severe damage to the plants. It is crucial to manage these diseases and pests to maintain the health and appearance of the plant. Here are some common diseases and pests that can affect Buxus L., and their management:
Common Diseases
Boxwood Blight: Boxwood blight is a fungal disease that can affect all species of Buxus L. It causes leaf spots, twig blight, and defoliation, ultimately leading to plant death. To manage boxwood blight, remove and destroy infected plants and prune affected branches. To prevent the spread of the disease, avoid overhead watering, disinfect pruning tools, and avoid planting new boxwoods near infected ones.
Root Rot: Root rot is a disease caused by soil-borne pathogens that enter the plant's roots, causing yellowing leaves, stunted growth, and dieback. To manage root rot, ensure proper drainage and avoid overwatering. Use well-draining soil and avoid planting boxwoods in heavy clay soils. Use fungicides to control the spread of the disease.
Common Pests
Boxwood Leafminer: Boxwood leafminer is a common pest that can cause yellowing and browning of boxwood leaves, ultimately leading to defoliation. To manage boxwood leafminer, prune affected branches, and use insecticidal soaps and horticultural oils to control the spread of the pest.
Boxwood Mite: Boxwood mite is a pest that can cause yellowing and bronzing of boxwood leaves. It can be managed by using insecticidal soaps and horticultural oils or by spraying with miticides. Pruning affected branches and removing infested plants can also prevent the spread of the pest.
Boxwood Psyllid: Boxwood psyllid is an insect that causes cupping and distortion of boxwood leaves. It can be managed by pruning affected branches and using insecticidal soaps and horticultural oils. Neem oil can also be used to manage boxwood psyllid infestations.
In conclusion, managing diseases and pests is crucial to maintain the health and appearance of Buxus L. plants. It is essential to identify the disease or pest correctly and use appropriate management practices to control the spread of the disease or pest.
