Basistelma angustifolia (Torr.) Bartlett, non Cynanchum angustifolium Pers.
Basistelma angustifolia, also known as Torrey's swallow-wort or Angled-pod swallow-wort, is a flowering plant native to North America. It belongs to the family Apocynaceae and is endemic to the United States.
General Appearance
The plant grows up to 3 feet tall and has narrow, lance-shaped leaves that are 2-4 inches long. The leaves are arranged alternately along the stem and are smooth on the surface. The plant produces small, greenish-white flowers in the summer, which are followed by elongated, slender seed pods that are angled slightly and up to 6 inches long.
Uses
Basistelma angustifolia has no known culinary or medicinal uses. However, the plant is cultivated as an ornamental and is often used in gardens and landscaping. It is a suitable choice for butterfly gardens, as it attracts various species of butterflies.
Overall, the Basistelma angustifolia is an attractive species that is beneficial for gardeners and nature enthusiasts alike. Its narrow leaves and elongated seed pods give the plant a unique, pleasant appearance.
Growth Conditions for Basistelma Angustifolia (Torr.) Bartlett
Basistelma angustifolia is a perennial plant species that is native to North America. This plant is commonly found growing in open and dry areas such as meadows, prairies, and along roadsides. It can grow up to 3 feet in height and spread up to 2 feet in width, forming clumps of thin and wiry stems.
Light Requirements
This plant thrives in full sun exposure, which means it requires at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day. Although it can tolerate some light shade, it will grow best in areas that receive full sun. In areas with partial shade, this plant may become leggy and have fewer flowers.
Temperature Requirements
Basistelma angustifolia can tolerate a wide range of temperatures, but it prefers warm and dry conditions. It is well-suited for regions with hot summers and mild winters, such as the Southern United States. This plant is cold-hardy and can withstand temperatures as low as -20°F (-29°C).
Soil Requirements
This plant prefers well-drained soil that is slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0 to 7.0). It can tolerate rocky or sandy soil as long as it is well-draining. Basistelma angustifolia does not like to sit in wet soil, so it is important to ensure proper drainage. This plant can also tolerate drought conditions and does not require frequent watering.
Cultivation
Basistelma angustifolia is a perennial plant indigenous to the western regions of North America. It thrives well in well-draining soil and requires full sunlight for optimal growth. Growers should choose a suitable planting location that receives at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily.
It is recommended to plant the seeds during the spring season when the temperature is warm enough for the germination of seeds. The soil temperature should be around 60°F-75°F. Scatter the seeds on the surface of the soil and sprinkle a thin layer of soil over them. Keep the soil moist by watering it frequently, but ensure it is not excessively wet.
Watering Needs
Basistelma angustifolia requires regular watering to establish itself in the garden. During the growing season, water the plant deeply once a week. The frequency of watering will depend on climatic conditions, type and moisture of soil, etc. Ensure the soil offers adequate drainage to prevent the accumulation of moisture which can lead to root rot.
During winter, water the plant sparingly to avoid waterlogging and subsequent root rot. Always check the soil's moisture content and only water it when it feels dry to the touch, typically a few inches below the surface of the soil.
Fertilization
Basistelma angustifolia does not need frequent fertilization to thrive. Overfertilizing the plant can be detrimental to its development. It is recommended to fertilize the plant once a year. Using a low-nitrogen balanced fertilizer, apply during the growing season every spring.
Avoid adding fertilizers to dry soil as this may cause root burn. Always ensure the soil is moist before applying fertilizer and water thoroughly after adding fertilizer.
Pruning
Basistelma angustifolia requires minimal pruning to thrive. Only prune the plant when it is necessary to remove damaged or diseased stems or leaves. Pruning is also essential to maintain the plant's shape and remove any overgrowth that may obstruct essential sunlight.
When pruning, use clean and sharp pruning shears. Cut the stem just above a healthy leaf, making a clean, slanted cut. Avoid leaving behind any stubs as these can provide an entry point for pathogens. Pruning can be done anytime during the growing season.
Propagation of Basistelma angustifolia
Basistelma angustifolia (Torr.) Bartlett is commonly known as the narrowleaf swallow-wort and belongs to the Apocynaceae family. The plant grows to a height of four feet and has narrow, lanceolate leaves. It is found in open woods, fields, and along roadsides, where it can quickly overtake crops and native vegetation. Propagation of Basistelma angustifolia is crucial in controlling its growth and spread.
Seed Propagation
The most common method of propagating Basistelma angustifolia is through seeds. The seeds ripen from July to September and can be collected using a paper bag or a small container. They should be sown immediately before they dry out. The ideal soil for seed germination should be a mixture of peat moss, perlite, and vermiculite.
Sow the seeds on the soil surface and sprinkle a thin layer of sand on top to prevent the seeds from being washed away. The container should be placed in a warm and brightly lit area such as a greenhouse. Germination should occur within two to four weeks, and the seedlings should be transplanted into individual pots once they develop their second set of leaves.
Division Propagation
Division propagation is typically used to propagate mature Basistelma angustifolia plants. The best time to divide the plants is in the spring when the new shoots appear. The soil around the plant should be loosened, and the root ball should be dug up carefully. Using a sharp knife or shears, the plant should be divided into sections ensuring that each section has a good amount of roots and foliage.
The divided plants should be transplanted into individual pots or directly into the ground. It is important to water the plants generously after transplantation and to keep them moist until they establish themselves in their new location.
Disease and Pest Management for Basistelma angustifolia (Torr.) Bartlett
Basistelma angustifolia (Torr.) Bartlett is a beautiful and low-maintenance plant, but it is still prone to certain diseases and pests. Here are the common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and ways to manage them:
Diseases
Leaf Spot: This fungal disease appears as circular brown spots on the leaves. The best management technique is to remove the affected leaves and destroy them to prevent the spread of the disease. Avoid overhead watering to prevent the leaves from getting wet and remove plant debris from around the plant to reduce the risk of infection.
Root Rot: This fungal disease causes the roots of the plant to turn brown and mushy. The best management technique is to remove the affected plant and dispose of it to prevent the spread of the disease. Ensure proper drainage and avoid overwatering to prevent the plant from getting infected.
Pests
Aphids: These tiny insects suck the sap from the plant, causing stunted growth and distorted leaves. Spray the plant with a strong jet of water to knock off the aphids or apply insecticidal soap to kill them.
Spider Mites: These pests are common in hot, dry conditions. They cause yellowing and speckling of the leaves. Apply insecticidal soap or neem oil to control spider mites. Keep the plant well-watered and mist the leaves to increase humidity.
Caterpillars: These pests chew on the leaves and can cause significant damage. Remove the caterpillars by hand or apply Bacillus thuringiensis, a natural bacterial insecticide, to control them.
In conclusion, regular inspection and maintenance of Basistelma angustifolia can help prevent diseases and pests from taking over and causing significant damage. Apply the recommended management techniques to keep your plant healthy and thriving.
